The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing
Open accessAbstract
In the favoured core-accretion model of formation of planetary systems, solid planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas if they are sufficiently massive. Around M-dwarf stars (the most common stars in our Galaxy), this model favours the formation of Earth-mass (M⊕) to Neptune-mass planets with orbital radii of 1 to 10 astronomical units (au), which is consistent with the small number of gas giant planets known to orbit M-dwarf host stars. More than 170 extrasolar planets have been discovered with a wide range of masses and orbital periods, but planets of Neptune's mass or less have not hitherto been detected at separations of more than 0.15 au from normal stars. Here we report the discovery of a 5.5+5.5-2.7 M⊕ planetary companion at a separation of 2.6+1.5-0.6 au from a 0.22+0.21-0.11 M[circdot] M-dwarf star, where M[circdot] refers to a solar mass. (We propose to name it OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, indicating a planetary mass companion to the lens star of the microlensing event.) The mass is lower than that of GJ876d (ref. 5), although the error bars overlap. Our detection suggests that such cool, sub-Neptune-mass planets may be more common than gas giant planets, as predicted by the core accretion theory.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation of the earth and the planets
Safronov, V. S. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,341
Image subtraction using a space-varying kernel
Alard, C. (2000) · Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series · doi:10.1051/aas:2000214 · Cited by 838
Gravitational microlensing by double stars and planetary systems
Mao, S., & Paczynski, B. (1991) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/186066 · Cited by 736
Discovering planetary systems through gravitational microlenses
Gould, A., & Loeb, A. (1992) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/171700 · Cited by 577
Ida, S., & Lin, D. N. C. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/424830 · Cited by 551
A ∼7.5 M⊕Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876
Rivera, E. J., Lissauer, J. J., Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Vogt, S. S., Fischer, D. A., Brown, T. M., Laughlin, G., & Henry, G. W. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/491669 · Cited by 481
The Core Accretion Model Predicts Few Jovian-Mass Planets Orbiting Red Dwarfs
Laughlin, G., Bodenheimer, P., & Adams, F. C. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/424384 · Cited by 440
OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53: A Planetary Microlensing Event
Bond, I. A., Udalski, A., Jaroszyski, M., Rattenbury, N. J., Paczyski, B., Soszyski, I., Wyrzykowski, L., Szymaski, M. K., Kubiak, M., Szewczyk, O., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/420928 · Cited by 392
Self-citationFormation of the Terrestrial Planets
Wetherill, G. W. (1980) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.18.090180.000453 · Cited by 376
Detecting Earth‐Mass Planets with Gravitational Microlensing
Bennett, D. P., & Rhie, S. H. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/178096 · Cited by 320
Self-citation
Cited by
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
Ivezić, Ž., Kahn, S. M., Tyson, J. A., Abel, B., Acosta, E., Allsman, R., Alonso, D., AlSayyad, Y., Anderson, S. F., Andrew, J., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c · Cited by 4,357
“…events in the Local Group and perhaps beyond, and open the possibility of discovering populations of binaries and planets via transits (e.g., Beaulieu et al. 2006; Drake et al. 2010; Choi et al. 2013; Batista et al. 2014), as well as obtaining spectra of lensed stars in distant galaxies.”
BackgroundSelf-citationA super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star
Charbonneau, D., Berta, Z. K., Irwin, J., Burke, C. J., Nutzman, P., Buchhave, L. A., Lovis, C., Bonfils, X., Latham, D. W., Udry, S., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08679 · Cited by 797
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets: XXXI. The M-dwarf sample
Bonfils, X., Delfosse, X., Udry, S., Forveille, T., Mayor, M., Perrier, C., Bouchy, F., Gillon, M., Lovis, C., Pepe, F., et al. (2013) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014704 · Cited by 653
One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations
Cassan, A., Kubas, D., Beaulieu, J.-P., Dominik, M., Horne, K., Greenhill, J., Wambsganss, J., Menzies, J., Williams, A., Jørgensen, U. G., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10684 · Cited by 584
Self-citationHabitable planets around the star Gliese 581?
Selsis, F., Kasting, J. F., Levrard, B., Paillet, J., Ribas, I., & Delfosse, X. (2007) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078091 · Cited by 527
Metadata
- Authors
- Beaulieu, J.-P., Bennett, D. P., Fouqué, P., Williams, A., Dominik, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Kubas, D., Cassan, A., Coutures, C., Greenhill, J., Hill, K., Menzies, J., Sackett, P. D., Albrow, M., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Calitz, J. J., Cook, K. H., Corrales, E., Desort, M., Dieters, S., Dominis, D., Donatowicz, J., Hoffman, M., Kane, S., Marquette, J.-B., Martin, R., Meintjes, P., Pollard, K., Sahu, K., Vinter, C., Wambsganss, J., Woller, K., Horne, K., Steele, I., Bramich, D. M., Burgdorf, M., Snodgrass, C., Bode, M., Udalski, A., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Wiȩckowski, T., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Szewczyk, O., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Paczyński, B., Abe, F., Bond, I. A., Britton, T. R., Gilmore, A. C., Hearnshaw, J. B., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Korpela, A. V., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Motomura, M., Muraki, Y., Nakamura, S., Okada, C., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Sako, T., Sato, S., Sasaki, M., Sekiguchi, T., Sullivan, D. J., Tristram, P. J., Yock, P. C. M., & Yoshioka, T.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 439
- Issue
- 7075
- Pages
- 437-440
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2125575901
- Cited by
- 594
- References
- 22
- FWCI
- 45.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nature04441
- The paper
- Beaulieu, J.-P., Bennett, D. P., Fouqué, P., Williams, A., Dominik, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Kubas, D., Cassan, A., Coutures, C., Greenhill, J., Hill, K., Menzies, J., Sackett, P. D., Albrow, M., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Calitz, J. J., Cook, K. H., Corrales, E., . . . Yoshioka, T. (2006). Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04441
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
