The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 95 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gut hormones and the regulation of energy homeostasis
Abstract
Food intake, energy expenditure and body adiposity are homeostatically regulated. Central and peripheral signals communicate information about the current state of energy balance to key brain regions, including the hypothalamus and brainstem. Hunger and satiety represent coordinated responses to these signals, which include neural and hormonal messages from the gut. In recent years our understanding of how neural and hormonal brain-gut signalling regulates energy homeostasis has advanced considerably. Gut hormones have various physiological functions that include specifically targeting the brain to regulate appetite. New research suggests that gut hormones can be used to specifically regulate energy homeostasis in humans, and offer a target for anti-obesity drugs.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The gut–brain axis, connected via neural, hormonal, and immunological pathways, is a bi-directional communication system that is initially recognized for its role in regulating digestive function and food intake [33,34].”
Citations
Cites
Central nervous system control of food intake
Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Seeley, R. J., & Baskin, D. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007534 · Cited by 6,451
Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents
Tschöp, M., Smiley, D. L., & Heiman, M. L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35038090 · Cited by 3,949
Ghrelin: Structure and Function
Kojima, M., & Kangawa, K. (2005) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2004 · Cited by 2,810
Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake
Batterham, R. L., Cowley, M. A., Small, C. J., Herzog, H., Cohen, M. A., Dakin, C. L., Wren, A. M., Brynes, A. E., Low, M. J., Ghatei, M. A., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00887 · Cited by 2,351
Self-citationThe biology of incretin hormones
Drucker, D. J. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.01.004 · Cited by 2,210
Inhibition of Food Intake in Obese Subjects by Peptide YY 3–36
Batterham, R. L., Cohen, M. A., Ellis, S. M., Le Roux, C. W., Withers, D. J., Frost, G. S., Ghatei, M. A., & Bloom, S. R. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030204 · Cited by 1,604
Self-citationAnatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system
Cone, R. D. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1455 · Cited by 1,583
DeFronzo, R. A., Ratner, R. E., Han, J., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S., & Baron, A. D. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1092 · Cited by 1,559
Buse, J. B., Henry, R. R., Han, J., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S., Baron, A. D., & for the Exenatide-113 Clinical Study Group (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2628 · Cited by 1,346
Kendall, D. M., Riddle, M. C., Rosenstock, J., Zhuang, D., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S., & Baron, A. D. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1083 · Cited by 1,177
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–777 of 777
Bariatric Endoscopic Procedures: Reduction in Gastric Volume Methods
Brunaldi, V., de Carvalho, R. P., Zundel, N., & Neto, M. G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23590-1_29
Changes in Gastrointestinal Physiology in Obese Patients
Yun, S. H., Park, J. K., & Shin, J. E. (2019) · Korean Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjm.2019.94.5.403
Hunschede, S. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
The Relationship of Testosterone, Appetite, Food Intake and Exercise in Male Adolescents
Schwartz, A. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Nutrition for the Surgical Neonate
Engelstad, H. J., & Warner, B. W. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54502-0.00007-4
Appetite control : the role of food composition and structure
Juvonen, K. R. (2012) · UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland)
Outcomes and Complications After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Khan, S., & Ashrafian, H. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57373-7_41
¿Es la diabetes tipo 2 una enfermedad tratable quirúrgicamente?
Romero-Ibarguengoitia, M. E. (2009) · Lux Médica · doi:10.33064/11lm20091691
Fulmer, T. (2008) · Science-Business eXchange · doi:10.1038/scibx.2008.347
Biopsychological investigation of satiety responsiveness and its implications for appetite control
Hollingworth, S. (2020) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
The endocrine glands and their hormones
Wilkinson, M., & Brown, R. E. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139045803.003 · Cited by 1
Development of protocols to identify high hunger and low satiety phenotypes
Elfarssi, H. M. (2019) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00370
Coco, D., & Leanza, S. (2021) · Klinicheskaia khirurgiia · doi:10.26779/2522-1396.2021.1-2.83
Évolution du syndrome métabolique après sleeve gastrectomie chez un groupe d’obèses tunisiens
Jamoussi, H., Hedfi, I., Amor, N. B., Berriche, O., Boumefteh, S., Jarraya, H., Nouira, R., & Mahjoub, F. (2021) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2020.11.004
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Circadian Stress
Armoa-Ortiz, P. R., Salinas, E., Ramírez-Jirano, L. J., Ortíz, G. G., Morales, A., Bermúdez‐Humarán, L. G., & Bitzer-Quintero, O. K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00027-9
Brunaldi, V. (2021) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2021.tde-11082021-130350
Franssen, S. (2021) · doi:10.26481/dis.20210430sf
The Endocrine Regulation of Energy and Body Weight
Preiato, V. L., Vicennati, V., Gambineri, A., & Pagotto, U. (2016) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27318-1_22-1
(2016) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822374350-009
Vakilgilani, T., Zac‐Varghese, S., & Bloom, S. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1203-2_3
(2008) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e3282f4f084
Smilowitz, J. T., German, J. B., & Zivkovic, A. M. (2009) · Frontiers in neuroscience · doi:10.1201/9781420067767-c22
Kono, H., Hosomura, N., Amemiya, H., Shoda, K., Furuya, S., Akaike, H., Kawaguchi, Y., Kawaida, H., & Ichikawa, D. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1176501/v1
Energy Balance and Body Weight Homeostasis
Ravussin, Y., & Dulloo, A. G. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119695257.ch9
Feinle‐Bisset, C. (2017) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.728648344.793538258
Knodler, L. A. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736969675.793580786
Programming complex regulation mechanisms through simple molecular assemblyPreprint
Lauzon, D., & Vallée‐Bélisle, A. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-75129/v1
Premier Obesogenic Factors: Overeating and Food AddictionPreprint
Aslam, M., & Abbas, M. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0223.v1
New Technologies to Treat Obesity and Related Comorbidities
Brunaldi, V., & Neto, M. G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21044-0_39
Energy Balance and Body Weight Homeostasis
Dulloo, A. G. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444307627.ch6
Effects of promoting eating foods containing bitter vegetables on nutritional status in the elderly
Sajjapong, W., Jongsomchai, K., Sadjapong, U., & Sooksaen, P. (2023) · Journal of Associated Medical Sciences · doi:10.12982/jams.2024.015
Genleri Beslemek Obezite Bilimi ve Popüler Diyetler Ardındaki Gerçekler ve İnsan İştahının Hikayesi
Durası, M. (2023) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.2624
Abdel‐Maksoud, F. M., Ali, S., Abd‐Elhafeez, H. H., & Abdalla, K. E. H. (2024) · Cells Tissues Organs · doi:10.1159/000536210
New Perspectıves on Obesıty Related Novel Peptıdes
Koç, S., SARIYILDIZ, L., & Menevşe, E. (2023) · Ahi Evran Medical Journal · doi:10.46332/aemj.1215675
do Monte, W. S., Rocha, T. F. D. F., Morais, P. L. A. D. G., & Cavalcanti, J. R. L. D. P. (2024) · Revista Neurociências · doi:10.34024/rnc.2024.v32.16499
Kumari, B., Tiwari, A., Meena, S., & Ahirwar, D. K. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16183134
Yang, L., Guo, T., Wei, Y., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., Yan, N., Ding, S., Jiang, L., & Liu, H. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5082895
Hoornenborg, C. W., Somogyi, E., Bruggink, J. E., Boyle, C. N., Lutz, T. A., Emous, M., van Beek, A. P., & van Dijk, G. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14082642
Neurobiology of Ingestive Behavior
Howe, W. M., & DiFeliceantonio, A. G. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197675212.003.0003
Head, K. C., & Giovanni, C. B. S. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11760-2.00014-8
Nutritional significance of short-chain fatty acids
Karadağ, M. G., Tuğ, T. A., Ağagündüz, D., & Özoğul, F. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33296-8.00005-8
McCarthy, S. F., Tucker, J. A. L., & Hazell, T. J. (2025) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003921
Basdevant, A., & Aron‐Wisnewsky, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0343-2_16
Deighton, K. (2013) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)
The response of functionally related gut hormones, ghrelin and GLP-1 to overfeeding
Wadden, D. (2014) · Memorial University Research Repository (Memorial University)
Identification of Essential Functions of GRP94 in Metazoan Growth Control and Epithelial Homeostasis
Maynard, J. C. (2009) · DukeSpace (Duke University)
Olivares, M., Hernández-Calderón, P., Cárdenas-Brito, S., Liébana-García, R., Sanz, Y., & Benítez‐Páez, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26170649
Olivares, M., Hernández-Calderón, P., Cárdenas-Brito, S., Liébana-García, R., Sanz, Y., & Benítez-Páez, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26170489
Calvez, F. L., King, J., Couret, A., Abergel, A., Thivel, D., & Ennequin, G. (2026) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2026.102765
ROSENBAUM, M. S., Allison, K. C., Laughlin, M. R., Kelley, S. S., Nunez-Matos, J., Rickles, M., Chau, L., Wu, G., Zamani, P. L., Whyte, K., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-025-01944-w
Manque de sommeil et maladies métaboliques
Guyon, A. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7335d3efz7b92z4c08z8e32z2fe58a54983e
Forcing alpha-cell-mediated beta-cell regeneration
Ben-Othman, N. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/376c5af0zd161z4a1ez92aez1b3746176067
Galmiche, M. C. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/86478abdzfb8bz4442z8e08z65e991beb2b0
Moughaizel, M. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d21b4f34z8e9az4348za233z7629490bce9e
Watanuki, K., Akiyama, R., Watanabe, S., Adachi, E., & Shimada, M. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18071155
Effects of sex and menstrual cycle phase on postexercise appetite regulation
Tucker, J. A. L., McCarthy, S. F., Bornath, D. P. D., Frayne, J. M., Claeys, D., Aube, J. J., Cohen, T. R., Medeiros, P. J., & Hazell, T. J. (2026) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00328.2025
Turner, M., Singh, M. D., & Evans, I. D. (2026) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-026-01892-y
Guo, Y., Fu, M., & Pang, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Toxicology · doi:10.3389/ftox.2026.1863392
The vagus nerve as a neurovisceral interface: a comprehensive review
In, S.-Y., Cho, T., & Yang, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1878765
Gut microbiota and brain health: Disease-specific pathways and emerging therapeutic strategies
Oriquat, G., Rizaev, J., Abdulqader, A. F., Kadhim, A. A., Jamuna, K. V., Singhal, D. K., Bainsal, N., & Mansurova, N. (2026) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2026.107407
Chi, G., Feng, Y., Jin, S., Li, J., Ren, J., Sun, R., Zhang, W., Xu, X., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1804373
Digestive hormones and their impact on bariatric and pharmacologic weight-loss therapies
Amoyel, M., Carette, C., Poghosyan, T., Beyec, J. L., & Gall, M. L. (2026) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnag032
Corrado, R., Raffa, S. D., Bauer, E. M., Eisenberg, D., Weare-Regales, N., Antonovich, N., Loblack, A., Berdiel, E., Kelber, M. S., Klimovich, J., et al. (2026) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/annals-26-00676
Bonaventura, I., Weigand, I., Isidori, A. M., Kroiß, M., & Reincke, M. (2026) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnag035
Do Nutritional Status and Dietary Intake Influence the Ghrelin Response?
Radziszewska, M., Smarkusz-Zarzecka, J., Cwalina, U., Zyśk, B., Buczyńska, A., Moroz, M., Roszkowska, J., Stołyhwo-Gofron, M., Adamska-Patruno, E., Kretowski, A. J., et al. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18193271
Güneşli, I., Aksun, M. S., & Yıldız, B. O. (2026) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-026-03047-3
Dieescting the effects of sweet tastants in the human gut-brain axis
Bryant, C. E. (2014) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
Obésité : un processus évolutif
Basdevant, A., & Aron‐Wisnewsky, J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0332-6_16
Metadata
- Authors
- Murphy, K. G., & Bloom, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 444
- Issue
- 7121
- Pages
- 854-859
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2078060668
- Cited by
- 778
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- gastrointestinal hormones, energy homeostasis, appetite regulation, hunger and satiety, hypothalamus, brainstem, dietary intake, energy expenditure, adiposity, anti-obesity drugs
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetite Regulation, Digestive System, Energy Metabolism, Homeostasis, Hormones, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
