Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake
Abstract
Food intake is regulated by the hypothalamus, including the melanocortin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems in the arcuate nucleus. The NPY Y2 receptor (Y2R), a putative inhibitory presynaptic receptor, is highly expressed on NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus, which is accessible to peripheral hormones. Peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)), a Y2R agonist, is released from the gastrointestinal tract postprandially in proportion to the calorie content of a meal. Here we show that peripheral injection of PYY(3-36) in rats inhibits food intake and reduces weight gain. PYY(3-36) also inhibits food intake in mice but not in Y2r-null mice, which suggests that the anorectic effect requires the Y2R. Peripheral administration of PYY(3-36) increases c-Fos immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus and decreases hypothalamic Npy messenger RNA. Intra-arcuate injection of PYY(3-36) inhibits food intake. PYY(3-36) also inhibits electrical activity of NPY nerve terminals, thus activating adjacent pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. In humans, infusion of normal postprandial concentrations of PYY(3-36) significantly decreases appetite and reduces food intake by 33% over 24 h. Thus, postprandial elevation of PYY(3-36) may act through the arcuate nucleus Y2R to inhibit feeding in a gut-hypothalamic pathway.
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Enteroendocrine cells sense nutrients in the intestinal lumen and produce CCK, secretin, GIP, and GLP-1.
“Enteroendocrine cells sense nutrients in the intestinal lumen and produce peptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, and the incretins; glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP); and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) 19, 20.”
From Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
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New targets to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome
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The role of PYY in feeding regulation
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Self-citationThe Regulation of Peripheral Metabolism by Gut-Derived Hormones
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The new era of drug therapy for obesity: the evidence and the expectations
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- Authors
- Batterham, R. L., Cowley, M. A., Small, C. J., Herzog, H., Cohen, M. A., Dakin, C. L., Wren, A. M., Brynes, A. E., Low, M. J., Ghatei, M. A., Cone, R. D., & Bloom, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bloom, Stephen R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 418
- Issue
- 6898
- Pages
- 650-654
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2091685843
- Cited by
- 2,351
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 121 · 2012: 121
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- PYY3-36, food intake regulation, arcuate nucleus, hypothalamus, proopiomelanocortin neurons, postprandial satiety, appetite, weight gain, c-fos, NPY neurons
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Appetite, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Electrophysiology, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Injections, Intraventricular, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons, Peptide Fragments, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, Signal Transduction, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Rats, Wistar, Gene Deletion, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y, Mice, Knockout, Peptide YY, Leptin, Mice, Rats
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