The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lethargus is a Caenorhabditis elegans sleep-like state
Abstract
There are fundamental similarities between sleep in mammals and quiescence in the arthropod Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting that sleep-like states are evolutionarily ancient. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also has a quiescent behavioural state during a period called lethargus, which occurs before each of the four moults. Like sleep, lethargus maintains a constant temporal relationship with the expression of the C. elegans Period homologue LIN-42 (ref. 5). Here we show that quiescence associated with lethargus has the additional sleep-like properties of reversibility, reduced responsiveness and homeostasis. We identify the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) gene egl-4 as a regulator of sleep-like behaviour, and show that egl-4 functions in sensory neurons to promote the C. elegans sleep-like state. Conserved effects on sleep-like behaviour of homologous genes in C. elegans and Drosophila suggest a common genetic regulation of sleep-like states in arthropods and nematodes. Our results indicate that C. elegans is a suitable model system for the study of sleep regulation. The association of this C. elegans sleep-like state with developmental changes that occur with larval moults suggests that sleep may have evolved to allow for developmental changes.
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“Sleep has been recognized in each animal carefully scrutinized.”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“behaviorally quiescent or sleep-like states may be as globally penetrant as susceptibility to volatile anesthetics [22–29].”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
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Rest in Drosophila is a sleep-like state
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Sleep Enhances Plasticity in the Developing Visual Cortex
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Sleep Homeostasis in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Control of sleep and wakefulness
Brown, R. E., Basheer, R., McKenna, J. T., Strecker, R. E., & McCarley, R. W. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 · Cited by 1,477
Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060216 · Cited by 646
A Transparent Window into Biology: A Primer on Caenorhabditis elegans
Corsi, A. K., Wightman, B., & Chalfie, M. (2015) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.115.176099 · Cited by 670
Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma
Krueger, J. M., Frank, M. G., Wisor, J. P., & Roy, S. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005 · Cited by 440
Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster
Dubowy, C., & Sehgal, A. (2017) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.115.185157 · Cited by 432
Metadata
- Authors
- Raizen, D. M., Zimmerman, J. E., Maycock, M. H., Ta, U. D., You, Y.-J., Sundaram, M. V., & Pack, A. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raizen, David M.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-01-09
- Volume
- 451
- Issue
- 7178
- Pages
- 569-572
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2072681733
- Cited by
- 536
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 12.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2008-06-12)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep-like state, Caenorhabditis elegans, cGMP signaling, egl-4, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, sensory neurons, sleep homeostasis, sleep evolution, quiescence
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arousal, Drosophila melanogaster, Biological Evolution, Homeostasis, Larva, Sleep, Conserved Sequence, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Molting, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Lethargy
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