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Putting brain training to the test
Open accessAbstract
'Brain training', or the goal of improved cognitive function through the regular use of computerized tests, is a multimillion-pound industry, yet in our view scientific evidence to support its efficacy is lacking. Modest effects have been reported in some studies of older individuals and preschool children, and video-game players outperform non-players on some tests of visual attention. However, the widely held belief that commercially available computerized brain-training programs improve general cognitive function in the wider population in our opinion lacks empirical support. The central question is not whether performance on cognitive tests can be improved by training, but rather, whether those benefits transfer to other untrained tasks or lead to any general improvement in the level of cognitive functioning. Here we report the results of a six-week online study in which 11,430 participants trained several times each week on cognitive tasks designed to improve reasoning, memory, planning, visuospatial skills and attention. Although improvements were observed in every one of the cognitive tasks that were trained, no evidence was found for transfer effects to untrained tasks, even when those tasks were cognitively closely related.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Owen, A. M., Hampshire, A., Grahn, J. A., Stenton, R., Dajani, S., Burns, A. S., Howard, R. J., & Ballard, C. G.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Owen, Adrian M.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2010-04-20
- Volume
- 465
- Issue
- 7299
- Pages
- 775-778
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC2884087
- OpenAlex
- W1969969444
- Semantic Scholar
- e661f8227960ad8c75cb033b3a0db7c76d86ebe7
- Cited by
- 1,056
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 96 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 65.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- brain training, cognitive training, transfer of training, cognitive function, reasoning, memory, attention, visuospatial ability, planning
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Brain, Cognition, Computers, Humans, Memory, Task Performance and Analysis, Thinking, Time Factors, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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