Cited by 1,200HIV Research and TreatmentVirus-based gene therapy researchinterferon and immune responses

Vpx relieves inhibition of HIV-1 infection of macrophages mediated by the SAMHD1 protein

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Hrecka, Kasia, Hao, Caili, Gierszewska, Magda, Swanson, Selene K., Kesik-Brodacka, Malgorzata, Srivastava, Smita, Florens, Laurence, Washburn, Michael P. +1 more·2011·Nature

Abstract

Macrophages and dendritic cells have key roles in viral infections, providing virus reservoirs that frequently resist antiviral therapies and linking innate virus detection to antiviral adaptive immune responses. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) fails to transduce dendritic cells and has a reduced ability to transduce macrophages, due to an as yet uncharacterized mechanism that inhibits infection by interfering with efficient synthesis of viral complementary DNA. In contrast, HIV-2 and related simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVsm/mac) transduce myeloid cells efficiently owing to their virion-associated Vpx accessory proteins, which counteract the restrictive mechanism. Here we show that the inhibition of HIV-1 infection in macrophages involves the cellular SAM domain HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1). Vpx relieves the inhibition of lentivirus infection in macrophages by loading SAMHD1 onto the CRL4(DCAF1) E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to highly efficient proteasome-dependent degradation of the protein. Mutations in SAMHD1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, a disease that produces a phenotype that mimics the effects of a congenital viral infection. Failure to dispose of endogenous nucleic acid debris in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome results in inappropriate triggering of innate immune responses via cytosolic nucleic acids sensors. Thus, our findings show that macrophages are defended from HIV-1 infection by a mechanism that prevents an unwanted interferon response triggered by self nucleic acids, and uncover an intricate relationship between innate immune mechanisms that control response to self and to retroviral pathogens.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nature10195

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  • PU.1 is the master transcriptional regulator necessary for macrophage differentiation and silencing PU.1 prior to infection results in a change in the cellular phenotype that causes resistance to HIV infection.

    “This approach was necessary because PU.1 is the master transcriptional regulator necessary for macrophage differentiation and silencing PU.1 prior to infection results in a change in the cellular phenotype that causes resistance to HIV infection72,73.”

    From HIV-1 Vpr combats the PU.1-driven antiviral response in primary human macrophages (2024) · cites this paper as [73]

    The paper’s Abstract attributes reduced HIV-1 infection of macrophages to SAMHD1-mediated restriction, not to PU.1 silencing. A search for PU.1, macrophage differentiation, and silencing before infection found no passage in our copy addressing either part of the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.77)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • It was then determined that Vpx may facilitate the association of SAMHD1 with this complex to promote its proteasome-dependent degradation.

    “It was then determined that Vpx may facilitate the association of SAMHD1 with this complex to promote its proteasome-dependent degradation.”
  • Upon MS analysis, the cellular innate immune protein SAMHD1 was the most spectrally abundant association with the Vpx-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.

    “Upon MS analysis, the cellular innate immune protein SAMHD1 was the most spectrally abundant association with the Vpx-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.”

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Authors
Hrecka, K., Hao, C., Gierszewska, M., Swanson, S. K., Kesik-Brodacka, M., Srivastava, S., Florens, L., Washburn, M. P., & Skowronski, J.
Affiliations
  • Case Western Reserve University (US)
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (US)
  • Stowers Institute for Medical Research (US)
Venue
Nature
Published
2011-06
Volume
474
Issue
7353
Pages
658-661
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W1964567249
Cited by
1,200
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 125 · 2012: 109
FWCI
48.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI084694, R01AI077459)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
Keywords
HIV-1, Vpx, SAMHD1, macrophages, dendritic cells, host restriction factors, proteasomal degradation, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, innate immunity, interferon response, retroviral infection, HIV-2, simian immunodeficiency virus
MeSH terms
SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1, Carrier Proteins, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Macrophages, Nuclear Proteins, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins, HEK293 Cells

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