Cited by 241Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsDiffusion and Search DynamicsFungal and yeast genetics research

Genome-wide protein–DNA binding dynamics suggest a molecular clutch for transcription factor function

Open access
Lickwar, Colin R., Mueller, Florian, Hanlon, Sean E., McNally, James G., Lieb, Jason D.·2012·Nature

Abstract

Dynamic access to genetic information is central to organismal development and environmental response. Consequently, genomic processes must be regulated by mechanisms that alter genome function relatively rapidly. Conventional chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments measure transcription factor occupancy, but give no indication of kinetics and are poor predictors of transcription factor function at a given locus. To measure transcription-factor-binding dynamics across the genome, we performed competition ChIP (refs 6, 7) with a sequence-specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor, Rap1 (ref. 8). Rap1-binding dynamics and Rap1 occupancy were only weakly correlated (R(2) = 0.14), but binding dynamics were more strongly linked to function than occupancy. Long Rap1 residence was coupled to transcriptional activation, whereas fast binding turnover, which we refer to as 'treadmilling', was linked to low transcriptional output. Thus, DNA-binding events that seem identical by conventional ChIP may have different underlying modes of interaction that lead to opposing functional outcomes. We propose that transcription factor binding turnover is a major point of regulation in determining the functional consequences of transcription factor binding, and is mediated mainly by control of competition between transcription factors and nucleosomes. Our model predicts a clutch-like mechanism that rapidly engages a treadmilling transcription factor into a stable binding state, or vice versa, to modulate transcription factor function.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nature10985

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Transcription factors undergo fast turnover at non-functional binding sites that can be fixated during ChIP protocol, leading to false-positive hits.

    “Transcription factors undergo fast turnover at non-functional binding sites that can be fixated during ChIP protocol, thereby leading to false-positive hits,139”

    From Census and evaluation of p53 target genes (2017) · cites this paper as [139]

  • The ChIP technique in general can produce false findings.

    “Notably, the ChIP technique in general can produce false findings.”

    From Census and evaluation of p53 target genes (2017) · cites this paper as [139]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lickwar, C. R., Mueller, F., Hanlon, S. E., McNally, J. G., & Lieb, J. D.
Affiliations
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Lieb, Jason D.
Venue
Nature
Published
2012-04-11
Volume
484
Issue
7393
Pages
251-255
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2008226163
Cited by
241
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 13
FWCI
13.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • Centre de Compétences Nanosciences Ile-de-France
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM072518)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Diffusion and Search Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Keywords
Rap1, transcriptional activation, transcription factor occupancy, treadmilling, clutch mechanism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genome-wide binding
MeSH terms
Shelterin Complex, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Binding, Competitive, DNA, Fungal, Models, Biological, Nucleosomes, Protein Binding, RNA Polymerase II, RNA, Messenger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Time Factors, Transcription Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Genome, Fungal, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Telomere-Binding Proteins, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Histone Acetyltransferases

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review