Cited by 241Retinal Development and DisordersRetinopathy of Prematurity StudiesRetinal Diseases and Treatments

A direct and melanopsin-dependent fetal light response regulates mouse eye development

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Rao, Sujata, Chun, Christina, Fan, Jieqing, Kofron, J. Matthew, Yang, Michael B., Hegde, Rashmi S., Ferrara, Napoleone, Copenhagen, David R. +1 more·2013·Nature

Abstract

Vascular patterning is critical for organ function. In the eye, there is simultaneous regression of embryonic hyaloid vasculature (important to clear the optical path) and formation of the retinal vasculature (important for the high metabolic demands of retinal neurons). These events occur postnatally in the mouse. Here we have identified a light-response pathway that regulates both processes. We show that when mice are mutated in the gene (Opn4) for the atypical opsin melanopsin, or are dark-reared from late gestation, the hyaloid vessels are persistent at 8 days post-partum and the retinal vasculature overgrows. We provide evidence that these vascular anomalies are explained by a light-response pathway that suppresses retinal neuron number, limits hypoxia and, as a consequence, holds local expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) in check. We also show that the light response for this pathway occurs in late gestation at about embryonic day 16 and requires the photopigment in the fetus and not the mother. Measurements show that visceral cavity photon flux is probably sufficient to activate melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in the mouse fetus. These data thus show that light--the stimulus for function of the mature eye--is also critical in preparing the eye for vision by regulating retinal neuron number and initiating a series of events that ultimately pattern the ocular blood vessels.

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Authors
Rao, S., Chun, C., Fan, J., Kofron, J. M., Yang, M. B., Hegde, R. S., Ferrara, N., Copenhagen, D. R., & Lang, R. A.
Affiliations
  • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Genentech (US)
Corresponding author
  • Copenhagen, David R.
  • Lang, Richard A.
Venue
Nature
Published
2013-01-16
Volume
494
Issue
7436
Pages
243-246
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2088406510
Cited by
240
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10
FWCI
9.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Eye Institute (R01EY022917, R01EY021636, R01EY014648, R01EY023179, R01EY001869)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR47363, P30AR047363)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Keywords
melanopsin, retinal angiogenesis, retinal vasculature development, VEGF-A, retinal ganglion cells, photoreceptors, hypoxia, eye development, vascular patterning
MeSH terms
Melanopsin, Animals, Cell Count, Eye, Female, Fetus, Light, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Cell Hypoxia, Rod Opsins, Photons, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Mice, Retinal Neurons, Light Signal Transduction

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