Cited by 2,553Atmospheric and Environmental Gas DynamicsPeatlands and Wetlands EcologyMarine Plankton and Biogeochemistry

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Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters

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Raymond, Peter A., Hartmann, Jens, Lauerwald, Ronny, Sobek, Sebastian, McDonald, Cory, Hoover, Mark, Butman, David, Striegl, Robert, Mayorga, Emilio, Humborg, Christoph, Kortelainen, Pirkko, Dürr, Hans, Meybeck, Michel, Ciais, Philippe, Guth, Peter·2013·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature12760

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Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transfer from inland waters to the atmosphere, known as CO2 evasion, is a component of the global carbon cycle. Global estimates of CO2 evasion have been hampered, however, by the lack of a framework for estimating the inland water surface area and gas transfer velocity and by the absence of a global CO2 database. Here we report regional variations in global inland water surface area, dissolved CO2 and gas transfer velocity. We obtain global CO2 evasion rates of 1.8(+0.25)(-0.25) petagrams of carbon (Pg C) per year from streams and rivers and 0.32(+0.52)(-0.26) Pg C yr(-1) from lakes and reservoirs, where the upper and lower limits are respectively the 5th and 95th confidence interval percentiles. The resulting global evasion rate of 2.1 Pg C yr(-1) is higher than previous estimates owing to a larger stream and river evasion rate. Our analysis predicts global hotspots in stream and river evasion, with about 70 per cent of the flux occurring over just 20 per cent of the land surface. The source of inland water CO2 is still not known with certainty and new studies are needed to research the mechanisms controlling CO2 evasion globally.

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Authors: Raymond, P. A., Hartmann, J., Lauerwald, R., Sobek, S., McDonald, C., Hoover, M., Butman, D., Striegl, R., Mayorga, E., Humborg, C., Kortelainen, P., Dürr, H., Meybeck, M., Ciais, P., & Guth, P.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Universität Hamburg (DE)
Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
Uppsala University (SE)
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (US)
United States Geological Survey (US)
University of Washington (US)
Stockholm University (SE)
Finnish Environment Institute (FI)
University of Waterloo (CA)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (FR)
United States Naval Academy (US)
Corresponding author: Raymond, Peter A.
ORCID: Raymond, Peter A.
Hartmann, Jens
Lauerwald, Ronny
Sobek, Sebastian
McDonald, Cory
Hoover, Mark
Butman, David
Striegl, Robert
Mayorga, Emilio
Humborg, Christoph
Kortelainen, Pirkko
Dürr, Hans
Meybeck, Michel
Ciais, Philippe
Guth, Peter
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-11-20
Volume: 503
Issue: 7476
Pages: 355-359
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature12760
OpenAlex: W2033355897
Cited by: 2,553
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 231 · 2025: 255 · 2024: 270 · 2023: 247 · 2022: 246 · 2021: 248 · 2020: 190 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 183 · 2017: 170 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 83.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2014-03-19)
Open access: green
urn.kb.se
Licence: other-oa
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
HAL (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
Keywords: inland waters, carbon cycle, gas transfer velocity, dissolved CO2, rivers and streams, lakes and reservoirs, global emission estimates
MeSH terms: Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide, Fresh Water, Gases, Geography, Internationality, Rivers, Carbon Cycle

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