Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 612

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Quantum error correction in a solid-state hybrid spin register

Open access
Waldherr, G., Wang, Y., Zaiser, S., Jamali, M., Schulte-Herbrüggen, T., Abe, H., Ohshima, T., Isoya, J., Du, J. F., Neumann, P., Wrachtrup, J.·2014·Nature

Abstract

Error correction is important in classical and quantum computation. Decoherence caused by the inevitable interaction of quantum bits with their environment leads to dephasing or even relaxation. Correction of the concomitant errors is therefore a fundamental requirement for scalable quantum computation. Although algorithms for error correction have been known for some time, experimental realizations are scarce. Here we show quantum error correction in a heterogeneous, solid-state spin system. We demonstrate that joint initialization, projective readout and fast local and non-local gate operations can all be achieved in diamond spin systems, even under ambient conditions. High-fidelity initialization of a whole spin register (99 per cent) and single-shot readout of multiple individual nuclear spins are achieved by using the ancillary electron spin of a nitrogen–vacancy defect. Implementation of a novel non-local gate generic to our electron–nuclear quantum register allows the preparation of entangled states of three nuclear spins, with fidelities exceeding 85 per cent. With these techniques, we demonstrate three-qubit phase-flip error correction. Using optimal control, all of the above operations achieve fidelities approaching those needed for fault-tolerant quantum operation, thus paving the way to large-scale quantum computation. Besides their use with diamond spin systems, our techniques can be used to improve scaling of quantum networks relying on phosphorus in silicon, quantum dots, silicon carbide or rare-earth ions in solids.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nature12919

Cites

8 of 8 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 8 references

Research works printed but not linked: 31

  1. Shor, P. W. in Proc. 37th Symp. Foundations Comput. 56–65 (IEEE Comp. Soc. Press, 1996); available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=548464
  2. Knill, E., Laflamme, R., Martinez, R. & Negrevergne, C. Benchmarking quantum computers: the five-qubit error correcting code. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5811–5814 (2001) · DOI
  3. Boulant, N., Viola, L., Fortunato, E. & Cory, D. Experimental implementation of a concatenated quantum error-correcting code. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 130501 (2005) · DOI
  4. Moussa, O., Baugh, J., Ryan, C. A. & Laflamme, R. Demonstration of sufficient control for two rounds of quantum error correction in a solid state ensemble quantum information processor. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 160501 (2011) · DOI
  5. Schindler, P. et al. Experimental repetitive quantum error correction. Science 332, 1059–1061 (2011) · DOI · Paper page
  6. Reed, M. D. et al. Realization of three-qubit quantum error correction with superconducting circuits. Nature 482, 382–385 (2012) · DOI · Paper page
  7. Morton, J. J. L. et al. Solid-state quantum memory using the 31P nuclear spin. Nature 455, 1085–1088 (2008) · DOI · Paper page
  8. Neumann, P. et al. Single-shot readout of a single nuclear spin. Science 329, 542–544 (2010) · DOI · Paper page
  9. Koehl, W. F., Buckley, B. B., Heremans, F. J., Calusine, G. & Awschalom, D. D. Room temperature coherent control of defect spin qubits in silicon carbide. Nature 479, 84–87 (2011) · DOI · Paper page
  10. Pla, J. J. et al. A single-atom electron spin qubit in silicon. Nature 489, 541–545 (2012) · DOI · Paper page
  11. Taminiau, T. et al. Detection and control of individual nuclear spins using a weakly coupled electron spin. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 137602 (2012) · DOI
  12. Pfaff, W. et al. Demonstration of entanglement-by-measurement of solid-state qubits. Nature Phys. 9, 29–33 (2012) · DOI
  13. Dolde, F. et al. Room-temperature entanglement between single defect spins in diamond. Nature Phys. 9, 139–143 (2013) · DOI
  14. Chekhovich, E. A. et al. Nuclear spin effects in semiconductor quantum dots. Nature Mater. 12, 494–504 (2013) · DOI
  15. Maurer, P. C. et al. Room-temperature quantum bit memory exceeding one second. Science 336, 1283–1286 (2012) · DOI
  16. Pla, J. J. et al. High-fidelity readout and control of a nuclear spin qubit in silicon. Nature 496, 334–338 (2013) · DOI
  17. Kolesov, R. et al. Optical detection of a single rare-earth ion in a crystal. Nature Commun. 3, 1029 (2012) · DOI · Paper page
  18. Le Gall, C., Brunetti, A., Boukari, H. & Besombes, L. Optical Stark effect and dressed exciton states in a Mn-doped CdTe quantum dot. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 057401 (2011) · DOI
  19. Neumann, P. et al. Multipartite entanglement among single spins in diamond. Science 320, 1326–1329 (2008) · DOI · Paper page
  20. Robledo, L. et al. High-fidelity projective read-out of a solid-state spin quantum register. Nature 477, 574–578 (2011) · DOI · Paper page
  21. Taminiau, T. H., Cramer, J., van der Sar, T., Dobrovitski, V. V. & Hanson, R. Universal control and error correction in multi-qubit spin registers in diamond. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1309.5452 (2013) · arXiv
  22. Dréau, A., Spinicelli, P., Maze, J. R., Roch, J.-F. & Jacques, V. Single-shot readout of multiple nuclear spin qubits in diamond under ambient conditions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 060502 (2013) · DOI
  23. Machnes, S. et al. Comparing, optimizing, and benchmarking quantum-control algorithms in a unifying programming framework. Phys. Rev. A 84, 022305 (2011) · DOI
  24. Dür, W., Vidal, G. & Cirac, J. I. Three qubits can be entangled in two inequivalent ways. Phys. Rev. A 62, 062314 (2000) · DOI · Paper page
  25. Filidou, V. et al. Ultrafast entangling gates between nuclear spins using photo-excited triplet states. Nature Phys. 8, 596–600 (2012) · DOI
  26. Mizuochi, N. et al. Coherence of single spins coupled to a nuclear spin bath of varying density. Phys. Rev. B 80, 041201 (2009) · DOI
  27. Marseglia, L. et al. Nanofabricated solid immersion lenses registered to single emitters in diamond. Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 133107 (2011) · DOI
  28. Waldherr, G. et al. Dark states of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond unraveled by single shot NMR. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 157601 (2011) · DOI
  29. Aslam, N., Waldherr, G., Neumann, P., Jelezko, F. & Wrachtrup, J. Photo-induced ionization dynamics of the nitrogen vacancy defect in diamond investigated by single-shot charge state detection. New J. Phys. 15, 013064 (2013) · DOI · Paper page
  30. Waldherr, G. et al. High dynamic range magnetometry with a single nuclear spin in diamond. Nature Nanotechnol. 7, 105–108 (2011) · DOI
  31. Waldherr, G., Neumann, P., Huelga, S., Jelezko, F. & Wrachtrup, J. Violation of a temporal Bell inequality for single spins in a diamond defect center. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 090401 (2011) · DOI

Cited by

See all 612

Metadata

Authors
Waldherr, G., Wang, Y., Zaiser, S., Jamali, M., Schulte-Herbrüggen, T., Abe, H., Ohshima, T., Isoya, J., Du, J. F., Neumann, P., & Wrachtrup, J.
Venue
Nature
Published
2014-02-12
Volume
506
Issue
7487
Pages
204-207
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2053915666
Cited by
612
References
8
FWCI
24.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Quantum error correction in a solid-state hybrid spin register. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nature12919
The paper
Waldherr, G., Wang, Y., Zaiser, S., Jamali, M., Schulte-Herbrüggen, T., Abe, H., Ohshima, T., Isoya, J., Du, J. F., Neumann, P., & Wrachtrup, J. (2014). Quantum error correction in a solid-state hybrid spin register. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12919

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.