Extreme quantum entanglement in a superposition of macroscopically distinct states
Abstract
A Bell inequality is derived for a state of n spin-1/2 particles which superposes two macroscopically distinct states. Quantum mechanics violates this inequality by an amount that grows exponentially with n.
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Mermin's inequality applies to multi-particle interactions beyond isolated state pairs.
“While Bell’s inequality violation is established between pairs of quantum states through their density matrices (of size 2² × 2²)—which, in our case, are qubits—Mermin’s inequality applies to multi-particle interactions beyond isolated state pairs.”
From Mathematical proof of the Fisher-Escolà <i>Q</i> statistical distribution in quantum consciousness modeling (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
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Nieto-Silleras, O., Pironio, S., & Silman, J. (2014) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013035 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Experimental violation of Svetlichny's inequality
Lavoie, J., Kaltenbaek, R., & Resch, K. J. (2009) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/073051 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mermin, N. D.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mermin, N. David
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1990-10
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1838-1840
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094119863
- Cited by
- 1,482
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 107 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 62
- FWCI
- 5.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Keywords
- Bell inequalities, quantum entanglement, macroscopic superposition, spin-1/2 particles, quantum violation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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