The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neurons for hunger and thirst transmit a negative-valence teaching signal
Open accessAbstract
Homeostasis is a biological principle for regulation of essential physiological parameters within a set range. Behavioural responses due to deviation from homeostasis are critical for survival, but motivational processes engaged by physiological need states are incompletely understood. We examined motivational characteristics of two separate neuron populations that regulate energy and fluid homeostasis by using cell-type-specific activity manipulations in mice. We found that starvation-sensitive AGRP neurons exhibit properties consistent with a negative-valence teaching signal. Mice avoided activation of AGRP neurons, indicating that AGRP neuron activity has negative valence. AGRP neuron inhibition conditioned preference for flavours and places. Correspondingly, deep-brain calcium imaging revealed that AGRP neuron activity rapidly reduced in response to food-related cues. Complementary experiments activating thirst-promoting neurons also conditioned avoidance. Therefore, these need-sensing neurons condition preference for environmental cues associated with nutrient or water ingestion, which is learned through reduction of negative-valence signals during restoration of homeostasis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A potentially similar function has been described for arcuate nucleus AgRP neurons and nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO). These neurons show heightened activity during hunger (AgRP) and thirst (NOS1), their activity elicits an aversive state (place avoidance), and they are essential for driving feeding and drinking behaviors, respectively21,227.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [227]
In the citing paper
“However, AgRP activity is rapidly suppressed on sensory detection of food227,228,230, which, surprisingly, suggests that ongoing AgRP activity is dispensable for food consumption.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [227]
In the citing paper
“AgRP neurons are activated in a state of energy deficit228, and their optical stimulation can voraciously promote food consumption, but also elicits real-time place avoidance (indicative of an aversive state) in the absence of food173,227,229.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [227]
In the citing paper
“However, a mouse may subsequently avoid a flavor that was paired with the AgRP neuronal stimulation that made it eat, leading some authors to suggest that stimulated hunger is necessarily an aversive drive that the mouse later associates with the flavor (Betley et al., 2015).”
From Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation (2018) · cites this paper as Betley et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity
Chen, T.-W., Wardill, T. J., Sun, Y., Pulver, S. R., Renninger, S. L., Baohan, A., Schreiter, E. R., Kerr, R. A., Orger, M. B., Jayaraman, V., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12354 · Cited by 6,474
Avants, B., Epstein, C. L., Grossman, M., & Gee, J. C. (2007) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004 · Cited by 5,924
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,061
THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN STARVATION
Keys, A., BROŽEK, J., & Henschel, A. (1951) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1951.tb56499.x · Cited by 2,135
The Biology of Human Starvation: Volume I
KEYS, A., BROŽEK, J., HENSCHEL, A., MICKELSEN, O., & TAYLOR, H. L. (1950) · doi:10.5749/j.ctv9b2tqv · Cited by 2,039
Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology
Pashler, H. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471214426 · Cited by 1,713
Rapid, reversible activation of AgRP neurons drives feeding behavior in mice
Krashes, M. J., Koda, S., Ye, C., Rogan, S. C., Adams, A. C., Cusher, D. S., Maratos-Flier, E., Roth, B. L., & Lowell, B. B. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci46229 · Cited by 1,578
Cabanac, M. (1971) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.173.4002.1103 · Cited by 1,521
Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.
Rescorla, R. A., & Solomon, R. L. (1967) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0024475 · Cited by 1,487
Conditioning and Associative Learning
Hill, W. F., & Mackintosh, N. J. (1984) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422540 · Cited by 1,304
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 702
Acute and circadian feedforward regulation of agouti-related peptide hunger neurons
Douglass, A. M., Kucukdereli, H., Madara, J. C., Wang, D., Wu, C., Lowenstein, E. D., Tao, J., & Lowell, B. B. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.009 · Cited by 27
The (dys)regulation of energy storage in obesity
Levin, B. E., Geary, N., & Lutz, T. A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2024 · Cited by 27
POMC neurons in heat: A link between warm temperatures and appetite suppression
Vicent, M. A., Mook, C. L., & Carter, M. E. (2018) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006188 · Cited by 25
Ghrelin infused into the dorsomedial hypothalamus of male mice increases food intake and adiposity.
Hyland, L., Park, S., Abdelaziz, Y., & Abizaid, A. B. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112882 · Cited by 24
Dynamic processing of hunger and thirst by common mesolimbic neural ensembles
Tan, B., Nöbauer, T., Browne, C. J., Nestler, E. J., Vaziri, A., & Friedman, J. M. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2211688119 · Cited by 21
Wang, Z., Wang, X., Li, J., Gong, Y., Li, Q., Bu, X., Lai, W., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Yao, C., et al. (2023) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739658 · Cited by 27
So, W. L., Hu, J.-C. E., Jeffs, L., Dempsey, H., Lockie, S. H., Zigman, J. M., Stark, R., Reichenbach, A., & Andrews, Z. B. (2023) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101826 · Cited by 24
Dissecting the hypothalamic pathways that underlie innate behaviors
Zha, X., & Xu, X. (2015) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-015-1564-2 · Cited by 26
Gulati, S., Cao, V. Y., & Otte, S. L. (2017) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/55579 · Cited by 29
Heeley, N., Kirwan, P., Darwish, T., Arnaud, M., Evans, M. L., Merkle, F. T., Reimann, F. M., Gribble, F. M., & Blouet, C. (2018) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.021 · Cited by 23
Controllable spiking dynamics in cascaded VCSEL-SA photonic neurons
Zhang, Z., Wu, Z.-M., Lu, D., Xia, G.-Q., & Deng, T. (2019) · Nonlinear Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-019-05339-1 · Cited by 24
The Role of Glial Cells in Regulating Feeding Behavior: Potential Relevance to Anorexia Nervosa
Frintrop, L., Trinh, S., Seitz, J., & Kipp, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11010186 · Cited by 24
Bedenbaugh, M. N., Brener, S. C., Maldonado, J., Lippert, R. N., Sweeney, P. R., Cone, R. D., & Simerly, R. B. (2022) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25379 · Cited by 23
Matiashova, L., Hoogkamer, A., & Timper, K. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14010016 · Cited by 30
Lekholm, E., Perland, E., Ceder, M. M., Hellsten, S. V., Lindberg, F. A., Rostami, J., & Fredriksson, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00011 · Cited by 22
Examining the role of olfaction in dietary choice
Boone, M. H., Liang-Guallpa, J., & Krashes, M. J. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108755 · Cited by 23
Becetti, I., Bwenyi, E. L., de Araújo, I. E., Ard, J. D., Cryan, J. F., Farooqi, I. S., Ferrario, C. R., Gluck, M. E., Holsen, L. M., Kenny, P. J., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.003 · Cited by 26
Compensatory enhancement of input maintains aversive dopaminergic reinforcement in hungry Drosophila
Meschi, E., Duquenoy, L., Otto, N., Dempsey, G., & Waddell, S. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.035 · Cited by 25
Food reward depends on TLR4 activation in dopaminergic neurons
Li, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, W., Sun, L., Zhang, R., Zhu, S., Xie, K., Feng, X., Wu, X., Sun, Z., et al. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105659 · Cited by 23
You, I., Bae, Y., Beck, A. R., & Shin, S. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42623-6 · Cited by 26
An open-source automated surgical instrument for microendoscope implantation
Liang, B., Zhang, L., Moffitt, C. M., Li, Y., & Lin, D. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.013 · Cited by 22
Ross, S. E., Levin, E. L., Itoga, C. A., Schoen, C. B., Selmane, R., & Aldridge, J. W. (2016) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13342 · Cited by 21
Exploring internal state-coding across the rodent brain
Sternson, S. M. (2020) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2020.08.009 · Cited by 20
Self-citationVoigt, K., Razi, A., Harding, I. H., Andrews, Z. B., & Verdejo‐García, A. (2021) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00918-y · Cited by 20
Sucrose overconsumption impairs AgRP neuron dynamics and promotes palatable food intake
Lorch, C. M., Hayes, N. W., Xia, J. L., Fleps, S. W., McMorrow, H. E., Province, H. S., Frydman, J. A., Parker, J. G., & Beutler, L. R. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113675 · Cited by 20
May, M. V. L., Hume, C., Sabatier, N., Schéle, E., Bake, T., Bergström, U., Menzies, J. R. W., & Dickson, S. L. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12676 · Cited by 23
A Novel Cortical Mechanism for Top-Down Control of Water Intake
Zhao, Z., Gómez, E. S., Varilh, M., Covelo, A., Julio‐Kalajzić, F., Cannich, A., Castiglione, A., Vanhoutte, L., Duveau, A., Zizzari, P., et al. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.011 · Cited by 24
Central administration of ghrelin induces conditioned avoidance in rodents
Schéle, E., Cook, C. P., May, M. V. L., Bake, T., Luckman, S. M., & Dickson, S. L. (2017) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.05.001 · Cited by 19
Feedforward inhibition of stress by brainstem neuropeptide Y neurons
Zhang, Y., Shen, J., Xie, F., Liu, Z., Yin, F., Cheng, M., Wang, L., Cai, M., Herzog, H., Wu, P., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51956-9 · Cited by 22
Neural and hormonal mechanisms of appetite regulation during eating
Sun, X., Liu, B., Yuan, Y., Rong, Y., Pang, R., & Li, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1484827 · Cited by 30
Physiology of Energy Intake in the Weight‐Reduced State
Berthoud, H., Seeley, R. J., & Roberts, S. B. (2021) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23080 · Cited by 23
The elegance of energy balance: Insight from circuit‐level manipulations
Webber, E. S., Bonci, A., & Krashes, M. J. (2015) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.21837 · Cited by 20
The Neuronal and Peripheral Expressed Membrane-Bound UNC93A Respond to Nutrient Availability in Mice
Ceder, M. M., Lekholm, E., Hellsten, S. V., Perland, E., & Fredriksson, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00351 · Cited by 21
Reichenbach, A., Stark, R., Méquinion, M., Lockie, S. H., Lemus, M. B., Mynatt, R. L., Luquet, S. H., & Andrews, Z. B. (2018) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201800634r · Cited by 22
The interoceptive origin of reinforcement learning
Weber, L. A. E., Yee, D. M., Small, D. M., & Petzschner, F. H. (2025) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2025.05.008 · Cited by 34
Bernal, A., Mahía, J., & Puerto, A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.023 · Cited by 19
Peptide YY mediates the satiety effects of diets enriched with whey protein fractions in male rats
Zapata, R. C., Singh, A., & Chelikani, P. K. (2017) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201700519rr · Cited by 19
Hunger and Satiety Signaling: Modeling Two Hypothalamomedullary Pathways for Energy Homeostasis
Nakamura, K., & Nakamura, Y. (2018) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201700252 · Cited by 19
Diving into the brain: deep-brain imaging techniques in conscious animals
Campos, P., Walker, J. J., & Mollard, P. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-20-0028 · Cited by 18
Network dynamics of hypothalamic feeding neurons
Sweeney, P., Chen, C., Rajapakse, I., & Cone, R. D. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2011140118 · Cited by 19
PERK in POMC neurons connects celastrol with metabolism
He, Z., Lieu, L., Dong, Y., Afrin, S., Chau, D., Kabahizi, A., Wallace, B., Cao, J., Hwang, E., Yao, T. S., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.145306 · Cited by 19
Functional interrogation of neural circuits with virally transmitted optogenetic tools
de la Crompe, B., Coulon, P., & Diester, I. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108905 · Cited by 18
The Homeostatic Logic of RewardPreprint
Morville, T., Friston, K. J., Burdakov, D., Siebner, H. R., & Hulme, O. J. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/242974 · Cited by 22
Sato, N., Shidara, H., & Ogawa, H. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54555-7 · Cited by 16
Wei, B., Wang, C., Cheng, Z., Lai, B., Gan, W., & Cui, M. (2021) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-021-01230-3 · Cited by 17
Jang, J. H., Kim, H. K., Seo, D. W., Ki, S. Y., Park, S., Choi, S.-H., Kim, D.-H., Moon, S. J., & Jeong, Y. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2021.751839 · Cited by 17
Post, R. J., Bulkin, D. A., Bulkin, D. A., Ebitz, R. B., Lee, V., Han, K., & Warden, M. R. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.016 · Cited by 21
Jovanović, P., Pool, A., Morones, N., Wang, Y., Novinbakht, E., Keshishian, N., Jang, K., Oka, Y., & Riera, C. E. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40484-7 · Cited by 17
CRH neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area regulate feeding behavior of mice
Li, S., Cao, J.-J., Tan, K., Liu, F., Wang, Y., Shen, Z.-X., Li, S., Wu, C., Zhou, H., & Xu, H. (2023) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.050 · Cited by 18
Mechanisms for AgRP neuron-mediated regulation of appetitive behaviors in rodents
Thomas, M. A., & Xue, B. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.006 · Cited by 19
The neurobiology of thirst and salt appetite
Grove, J. C. R., & Knight, Z. A. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.10.028 · Cited by 17
Lee, Y. H., Kim, M., Lee, M.-W., Shin, D., Ha, D.-S., Park, J. S., Kim, Y., & Choi, H. J. (2019) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes.2019.28.3.148 · Cited by 16
Shi, L., Yang, Q., Gao, L., & Ge, H. (2024) · The Journal of Supercomputing · doi:10.1007/s11227-024-06475-1 · Cited by 16
Optical Approaches for Interrogating Neural Circuits Controlling Hormone Secretion
Han, S. Y., Clarkson, J., Piet, R., & Herbison, A. E. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00594 · Cited by 16
Interoceptive Inception in Insula
Namboodiri, V. M. K., & Stuber, G. D. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.032 · Cited by 18
Fluorescence microendoscopy for in vivo deep-brain imaging of neuronal circuits
Laing, B. T., Siemian, J. N., Sarsfield, S., & Aponte, Y. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109015 · Cited by 15
Monitoring In Vivo Neural Activity to Understand Gut–Brain Signaling
Alhadeff, A. L. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab029 · Cited by 18
Ross, R., Mandelblat-Cerf, Y., & Verstegen, A. M. J. (2016) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000111 · Cited by 15
Neural populations for maintaining body fluid balance
Ichiki, T., Augustine, V., & Oka, Y. (2019) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.01.014 · Cited by 18
Neurobiology of Thirst and Hunger Drives
Encarnacion-Rivera, L., Deisseroth, K. A., & Luo, L. (2025) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-112723-032328 · Cited by 16
An interoceptive model of energy allostasis linking metabolic and mental health
Mehrhof, S. Z., Fleming, H. A., & Nord, C. L. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ady4356 · Cited by 22
CPT1A in AgRP neurons is required for sex-dependent regulation of feeding and thirst
Zagmutt, S., Mera, P., González‐García, I., Ibeas, K., Romero, M. D. M., Obri, A., Martín‐Mur, B., Esteve‐Codina, A., Soler‐Vázquez, M. C., Bastías-Pérez, M., et al. (2023) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-023-00498-8 · Cited by 14
Hunger signalling in the olfactory bulb primes exploration, food-seeking and peripheral metabolism
Stark, R., Dempsey, H., Kleeman, E. A., Sassi, M., Osborne-Lawrence, S. L., Sheybani-Deloui, S., Rushby, H. J., Mirth, C. K., Austin‐Muttitt, K., Mullins, J. G. L., et al. (2024) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102025 · Cited by 15
Brain sensing of metabolic state regulates circulating monocytes
Cavalcanti‐de‐Albuquerque, J. P., Hunter, J., Domingues, R. G., Harno, E., Worth, A. A., Liguori, F. M., D'Alessio, A., Aviello, G., Bechtold, D. A., White, A. E., et al. (2025) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adr3226 · Cited by 16
Neural Regulation of Feeding Behavior
Hao, S., Yang, Y., Helmy, M., & Wang, H. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7086-5_3 · Cited by 15
Restriction of food intake by PPP1R17-expressing neurons in the DMH
Çağlar, C., & Friedman, J. M. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2100194118 · Cited by 13
A food-sensitive olfactory circuit drives anticipatory satiety
Bulk, J., Schmehr, J. N., Ackels, T., Beleza, R. O., Carvalho, A. F., Gouveia, A., Rigoux, L., Hellier, V., Cremer, A. L., Backes, H., et al. (2025) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01301-1 · Cited by 14
Puglisi, I., Masucci, M., Cozzi, A., Teruel, E., Navarra, M., Cirmi, S., Pennisi, M. G., & Siracusa, C. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12182472 · Cited by 14
Reciprocal signaling between adipose tissue depots and the central nervous system
Puente-Ruiz, S. C., & Jaïs, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.979251 · Cited by 17
Obesity wars: may the smell be with you
López, M., Fernández‐Real, J. M., & Tomarev, S. I. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2023 · Cited by 14
Ghrelin is related to lower brain reward activation during touch
Pfabigan, D. M., Frogner, E. R., Schéle, E., Thorsby, P. M., Skålhegg, B. S., Dickson, S. L., & Sailer, U. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14443 · Cited by 14
Nyema, N., McKnight, A. D., Vargas-Elvira, A. G., Schneps, H. M., Gold, E. G., Myers, K. P., & Alhadeff, A. L. (2023) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101833 · Cited by 13
Role of neuropeptide F in regulating filter feeding of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum
Wang, X., Miao, J., Liu, P., & Pan, L. (2016) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.12.001 · Cited by 14
An exploration of the aversive properties of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rats
Horman, T., Fernandes, M. F., Zhou, Y., Fuller, B., Tigert, M., & Leri, F. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-4998-1 · Cited by 14
Rolling out physical exercise and energy homeostasis: Focus on hypothalamic circuitries
Cavalcanti‐de‐Albuquerque, J. P., & Donato, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100944 · Cited by 16
Idelevich, A., Sato, K., Nagano, K., Rowe, G. C., Gori, F., & Baron, R. (2019) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.3741 · Cited by 14
Complex carbohydrate utilization by gut bacteria modulates host food consumption
Yu, K. B., Son, C., Özcan, E., Chandra, A., Paramo, J., Varghese, A., Roice, A., Finnigan, D., Chandra, F., Novoselov, A., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63372-8 · Cited by 21
Advanced neurobiological tools to interrogate metabolism
Mirabella, P. N., & Fenselau, H. (2023) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-023-00885-6 · Cited by 13
Klima, M. L., Kruger, K. A., Goldstein, N., Pulido, S., Low, A. Y. T., Assenmacher, C., Alhadeff, A. L., & Betley, J. N. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113338 · Cited by 14
Self-citationGLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Agonists for Obesity Treatment: A Hunger Perspective
d’Ávila, M., Hall, S., & Horváth, T. L. (2024) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqae128 · Cited by 13
Dietary availability acutely influences puberty onset via a hypothalamic neural circuit
Goto, T., Hagihara, M., Irie, S., Abe, T., Kiyonari, H., & Miyamichi, K. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.01.015 · Cited by 15
Open-source, high performance miniature 2-photon microscopy systems for freely behaving animals
Madruga, B. A., Dorian, C. C., Yang, L., Sehgal, M., Silva, A. J., Shtrahman, M., Aharoni, D. B., & Golshani, P. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62534-y · Cited by 13
Integration of hunger and hormonal state gates infant-directed aggression
Cao, M., Ammari, R., Chen, M., Wai, P. T., Jamieson, B. B., Liang, S., Husain, B. F. A., Sahni, A., Legrave, N. M., Salgarella, I., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09651-2 · Cited by 17
Hypothalamic insulin signalling as a nexus regulating mood and metabolism
Rawlinson, S., & Andrews, Z. B. (2021) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12939 · Cited by 12
Deficiency of ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 in AgRP neurons confers protection against dietary obesity
Chen, Z., Pan, S., Yin, K., Zhang, Y., Yuan, X., Wang, S., Yang, S., Shen, Q. X., Tang, Y., Li, J., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109868 · Cited by 15
Appetite to learn: An allostatic role for AgRP neurons in the maintenance of energy balance
Reed, F. M., Lockie, S. H., Reichenbach, A., Foldi, C. J., & Andrews, Z. B. (2022) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100337 · Cited by 12
Utility of ‘substance use disorder’ as a heuristic for understanding overeating and obesity
O’Connor, R. M., & Kenny, P. J. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110580 · Cited by 14
Vasopressin at Central Levels and Consequences of Dehydration
Bichet, D. G. (2016) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000446200 · Cited by 13
Thomas, M. A., Tran, V., Ryu, V., Xue, B., & Bartness, T. J. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.008 · Cited by 13
Zebrafish as a Model for Revealing the Neuronal Basis of Behavior
McArthur, K. L., Chow, D. M., & Fetcho, J. R. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812431-4.00046-4 · Cited by 15
Cheon, D.-H., Park, S., Park, J., Koo, M., Kim, H.-H., Han, S., & Choi, H. J. (2025) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-025-01451-y · Cited by 15
Effect of Natural Rewards on Substance Use Disorder: An Incentive Sensitization Perspective
Zheng, W., Liu, X., Lu, T., Yuan, K., Li, X., Xue, Y.-X., Yin, Q., Shi, J., Zou, G., Grimm, J. W., et al. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.05.026 · Cited by 11
Incretin receptor agonism rapidly inhibits AgRP neurons to suppress food intake in mice
McMorrow, H. E., Cohen, A. B., Lorch, C. M., Hayes, N. W., Fleps, S. W., Frydman, J. A., Xia, J. L., Samms, R. J., & Beutler, L. R. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci186652 · Cited by 12
Obesity–An Update on the Basic Pathophysiology and Review of Recent Therapeutic Advances
Gjermeni, E., Kirstein, A., Kolbig, F., Kirchhof, M., Bundalian, L., Katzmann, J. L., Laufs, U., Blüher, M., Garten, A., & Duc, D. L. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11101426 · Cited by 127
Opioidergic signaling contributes to food-mediated suppression of AgRP neurons
Sayar, N., Yavuz, Y., Laule, C. F., Dong, C., Kim, H., Rysted, J., Flippo, K. H., Davis, D., Aklan, İ., Yılmaz, B., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113630 · Cited by 12
From Mammals to Insects: Exploring the Genetic and Neural Basis of Eating Behavior
Mahishi, D., Agrawal, N., Jiang, W., & Yapici, N. (2024) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102202 · Cited by 13
PGC-1α expression in murine AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance
Gill, J. F., Delezie, J., Santos, G., & Handschin, C. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.05.008 · Cited by 13
Hyperleptinemia in Neonatally Overfed Female Rats Does Not Dysregulate Feeding Circuitry
Ziko, I., Sominsky, L., Nguyen, T.-X., Yam, K., Luca, S. N. D., Kőrösi, A., & Spencer, S. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00287 · Cited by 12
Hypothalamic AgRP neurons exert top-down control on systemic TNF-α release during endotoxemia
Boudjadja, M. B., Culotta, I., de Paula, G. C., Harno, E., Hunter, J., Cavalcanti‐de‐Albuquerque, J. P., Luckman, S. M., Hepworth, M. R., White, A. E., Aviello, G., et al. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.017 · Cited by 12
Inhibition of Itch by Hunger and AgRP Neuron Activity
Alhadeff, A. L., Park, O., Hernandez, E., & Betley, J. N. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.005 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Betley, J. N., Xu, S., Cao, Z. F. H., Gong, R., Magnus, C. J., Yu, Y., & Sternson, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sternson, Scott M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2015-04-27
- Volume
- 521
- Issue
- 7551
- Pages
- 180-185
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4567040
- OpenAlex
- W2101995469
- Cited by
- 704
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 21
- FWCI
- 37.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- hunger, thirst, homeostasis, AgRP neurons, subfornical organ, negative valence, teaching signal, motivation in learning, avoidance conditioning, energy homeostasis, fluid homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cues, Dehydration, Drinking, Eating, Food, Food Preferences, Homeostasis, Hunger, Hypothalamus, Male, Neurons, Starvation, Thirst, Models, Animal, Mice, Agouti-Related Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review