The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Observation of the 1S–2S transition in trapped antihydrogen
Open accessAbstract
The 1S–2S transition in magnetically trapped atoms of antihydrogen is observed, and its frequency is shown to be consistent with that expected for hydrogen. Testing to high precision whether matter behaves like antimatter could provide clues to one of the biggest puzzles in modern physics: why does the observable Universe consist almost entirely of matter? After all, the Standard Model predicts that after the Big Bang the Universe should have been made up of equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Antimatter is difficult to produce and characterize because it annihilates when it comes in contact with matter. But recent advances at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator have allowed researchers to trap and measure both antiprotons and antihydrogen. Now the ALPHA Collaboration at CERN reports the first spectroscopic characterization of antihydrogen, exciting the 1S to 2S transition with laser light. The transition frequency is consistent with that of hydrogen. The spectrum of ordinary hydrogen has been characterized to extremely high precision, so improvements in antihydrogen spectroscopy will yield highly sensitive tests of matter–antimatter symmetry. The spectrum of the hydrogen atom has played a central part in fundamental physics over the past 200 years. Historical examples of its importance include the wavelength measurements of absorption lines in the solar spectrum by Fraunhofer, the identification of transition lines by Balmer, Lyman and others, the empirical description of allowed wavelengths by Rydberg, the quantum model of Bohr, the capability of quantum electrodynamics to precisely predict transition frequencies, and modern measurements of the 1S–2S transition by Hänsch1 to a precision of a few parts in 1015. Recent technological advances have allowed us to focus on antihydrogen—the antimatter equivalent of hydrogen2,3,4. The Standard Model predicts that there should have been equal amounts of matter and antimatter in the primordial Universe after the Big Bang, but today’s Universe is observed to consist almost entirely of ordinary matter. This motivates the study of antimatter, to see if there is a small asymmetry in the laws of physics that govern the two types of matter. In particular, the CPT (charge conjugation, parity reversal and time reversal) theorem, a cornerstone of the Standard Model, requires that hydrogen and antihydrogen have the same spectrum. Here we report the observation of the 1S–2S transition in magnetically trapped atoms of antihydrogen. We determine that the frequency of the transition, which is driven by two photons from a laser at 243 nanometres, is consistent with that expected for hydrogen in the same environment. This laser excitation of a quantum state of an atom of antimatter represents the most precise measurement performed on an anti-atom. Our result is consistent with CPT invariance at a relative precision of about 2 × 10−10.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Penning traps are a well-established tool for precision spectroscopy with small numbers of ions.
“Penning traps are a well-established tool for precision spectroscopy with small numbers of ions25–28”
From Penning micro-trap for quantum computing (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
Citations
Cites
Beringer, J., Arguin, J.-F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O. I., Groom, D. E., Lin, C.-J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., et al. (2012) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.86.010001 · Cited by 5,996
Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator
Drever, R. W. P., Hall, J. L., Kowalski, F. V., Hough, J., Ford, G. M., Munley, A. J., & Ward, H. (1983) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/bf00702605 · Cited by 3,821
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (in "The Review of Particle Properties" 2004)
Eidelman, S., Hayes, K., Olive, K. A., Aguilar-Benítez, M., Amsler, C., Asner, D., Babu, K., Barnett, R. M., Beringer, J., Burchat, P., et al. (2004) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2004.06.001 · Cited by 1,496
Pohl, R., Antognini, A., Nez, F., Amaro, F. D., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Covita, D. S., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Fernandes, L. M. P., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09250 · Cited by 1,384
Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms
Amoretti, M., Amsler, C., Bonomi, G., Bouchta, A., Bowe, P. D., Carraro, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Collier, M. J. T., Doser, M., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01096 · Cited by 859
Self-citationBackground-Free Observation of Cold Antihydrogen with Field-Ionization Analysis of Its States
Gabrielse, G., Bowden, N. S., Oxley, P., Speck, A., Storry, C. H., Tan, J. N., Wessels, M., Grzonka, D., Oelert, W., Schepers, G., et al. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.213401 · Cited by 562
Improved Measurement of the Hydrogen 1S–2S Transition Frequency
Parthey, C. G., Matveev, A., Alnis, J., Bernhardt, B., Beyer, A., Holzwarth, R., Maistrou, A., Pohl, R., Predehl, K., Udem, T., et al. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.203001 · Cited by 424
Andresen, G. B., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Bowe, P. D., Butler, E., Cesar, C. L., Chapman, S., Charlton, M., Deller, A., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09610 · Cited by 345
Self-citationLaser spectroscopy of muonic deuterium
Pohl, R., Nez, F., Fernandes, L. M. P., Amaro, F. D., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Covita, D. S., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Diepold, M., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf2468 · Cited by 308
Confinement of antihydrogen for 1,000 seconds
Andresen, G. B., Bowe, P. D., Hangst, J. S., Rasmussen, C. Ø., Ashkezari, M. D., Hayden, M. E., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Fajans, J., So, C., Wurtele, J. S., et al. (2011) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys2025 · Cited by 278
Self-citationAmole, C., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Eriksson, S., Fajans, J., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2787 · Cited by 240
Self-citationPositron trapping in an electrostatic well by inelastic collisions with nitrogen molecules
Murphy, T. J., & Surko, C. M. (1992) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.46.5696 · Cited by 220
Resonant quantum transitions in trapped antihydrogen atoms
Amole, C., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Bowe, P. D., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Deller, A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10942 · Cited by 168
Self-citationTwo-Photon Spectroscopy of Trapped Atomic Hydrogen
Cesar, C. L., Fried, D. G., Killian, T. C., Polcyn, A., Sandberg, J. C., Yu, I. A., Greytak, T. J., Kleppner, D., & Doyle, J. M. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.255 · Cited by 168
Self-citationHOMOGENEITY OF RESULTS IN TESTING SAMPLES FROM POISSON SERIES
PRZYBOROWSKI, J., & WILEŃSKI, H. (1940) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/31.3-4.313 · Cited by 165
Synthesis of Cold Antihydrogen in a Cusp Trap
Enomoto, Y., Kuroda, N., Michishio, K., Kim, C. H., Higaki, H., Nagata, Y., Kanai, Y., Torii, H. A., Corradini, M., Leali, M., et al. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.243401 · Cited by 155
High-precision comparison of the antiproton-to-proton charge-to-mass ratio
Ulmer, S., Smorra, C., Mooser, A., Franke, K., Nagahama, H., Schneider, G., Higuchi, T., Van Gorp, S., Blaum, K., Matsuda, Y., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14861 · Cited by 147
The Antiproton Decelerator: AD
Maury, S. (1997) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1023/a:1012632812327 · Cited by 110
Buffer-gas cooling of antiprotonic helium to 1.5 to 1.7 K, and antiproton-to–electron mass ratio
Hori, M., Aghai-Khozani, H., Sótér, A., Barna, D., Dax, A., Hayano, R., Kobayashi, T., Murakami, Y., Todoroki, K., Yamada, H., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf6702 · Cited by 109
Evaporative Cooling of Antiprotons to Cryogenic Temperatures
Andresen, G. B., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Bowe, P. D., Butler, E., Cesar, C. L., Chapman, S., Charlton, M., Fajans, J., et al. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.013003 · Cited by 109
Self-citationAutoresonant Excitation of Antiproton Plasmas
Andresen, G. B., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Bowe, P. D., Butler, E., Carpenter, P., Cesar, C. L., Chapman, S., Charlton, M., et al. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.025002 · Cited by 76
Self-citationButler, E., Andresen, G. B., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Bowe, P. D., Cesar, C. L., Chapman, S., Charlton, M., Deller, A., et al. (2011) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1007/s10751-011-0396-3 · Cited by 64
Self-citationAn improved limit on the charge of antihydrogen from stochastic acceleration
Ahmadi, M., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Butler, E., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Charman, A. E., Eriksson, S., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16491 · Cited by 62
Self-citationSearch for trapped antihydrogen
Andresen, G. B., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Bowe, P. D., Bray, C. C., Butler, E., Cesar, C. L., Chapman, S., Charlton, M., et al. (2010) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.11.004 · Cited by 58
Self-citationAn experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen
Amole, C., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Eriksson, S., Fajans, J., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4955 · Cited by 57
Self-citationDanielson, J. R., & Surko, C. M. (2006) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.2179410 · Cited by 50
A proposal for laser cooling antihydrogen atoms
Donnan, P. H., Fujiwara, M. C., & Robicheaux, F. (2013) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/0953-4075/46/2/025302 · Cited by 45
Self-citationOPTIMIZATION OF SIGNAL SIGNIFICANCE BY BAGGING DECISION TREES
Narsky, I. V. (2006) · Conference on Statistical Problems in Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology (PHYSTAT) · doi:10.1142/9781860948985_0030 · Cited by 41
Antihydrogen formation dynamics in a multipolar neutral anti-atom trap
Andresen, G. B., Bertsche, W. A., Bowe, P. D., Bray, C. C., Butler, E., Cesar, C. L., Chapman, S., Charlton, M., Fajans, J., Fujiwara, M., et al. (2010) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.01.066 · Cited by 41
Self-citationProduction of antihydrogen at reduced magnetic field for anti-atom trapping
Andresen, G. B., Bertsche, W. A., Boston, A. J., Bowe, P. D., Cesar, C. L., Chapman, S., Charlton, M., Chartier, M., Deutsch, A., Fajans, J., et al. (2007) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/0953-4075/41/1/011001 · Cited by 35
Self-citationStored positrons for antihydrogen production
Surko, C. M., Greaves, R. G., & Charlton, M. (1997) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1023/a:1012657517779 · Cited by 33
Self-citationIn situ electromagnetic field diagnostics with an electron plasma in a Penning–Malmberg trap
Amole, C., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Deller, A., Evetts, N., et al. (2014) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013037 · Cited by 25
Self-citationGuiraud, L. (1998) · International Linear Collider · Cited by 25
Silicon vertex detector upgrade in the ALPHA experiment
Amole, C., Andresen, G. B., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Burrows, C., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Chapman, S., et al. (2013) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.05.188 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Narsky, I. StatPatternRecognition: a C++ package for statistical analysis of high energy physics data. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0507143 (2005) · arXiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Search for new physics with atoms and molecules
Safronova, M. S., Budker, D., DeMille, D. P., Kimball, D. F. J., Derevianko, A., & Clark, C. W. (2018) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.90.025008 · Cited by 1,620
Experimental progress in positronium laser physics
Cassidy, D. B. (2018) · The European Physical Journal D · doi:10.1140/epjd/e2018-80721-y · Cited by 174
Characterization of the 1S–2S transition in antihydrogen
Ahmadi, M., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Cohen, S., Collister, R., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0017-2 · Cited by 168
Self-citationObservation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen
Ahmadi, M., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Butler, E., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Cohen, S., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23446 · Cited by 138
Self-citationObservation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter
Anderson, E. K., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Bhatt, N. M., Bonomi, G., Capra, A., Carli, I., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Christensen, A., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1 · Cited by 138
Self-citationAll the fun of the FAIR: fundamental physics at the facility for antiproton and ion research
Durante, M., Indelicato, P., Jonson, B., Koch, V, Langanke, K., Meißner, U.-G., Nappi, E., Nilsson, T., Stöhlker, T., Widmann, E., et al. (2019) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/aaf93f · Cited by 129
Double-trap measurement of the proton magnetic moment at 0.3 parts per billion precision
Schneider, G. L., Mooser, A. H., Bohman, M., Schön, N., Harrington, J. A., Higuchi, T., Nagahama, H., Sellner, S., Smorra, C., Blaum, K., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan0207 · Cited by 124
Testing CPT symmetry in ortho-positronium decays with positronium annihilation tomography
Moskal, P., Gajos, A., Mohammed, M., Chhokar, J., Chug, N., Curceanu, C., Czerwiński, E., Dadgar, M., Dulski, K., Gorgol, M., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25905-9 · Cited by 117
Antihydrogen accumulation for fundamental symmetry tests
Ahmadi, M., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Butler, E., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Cohen, S., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00760-9 · Cited by 97
Self-citationLaser cooling of antihydrogen atoms
Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Christensen, A., Collister, R., Mathad, A. C., Eriksson, S., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03289-6 · Cited by 89
Self-citationPulsed production of antihydrogen
Amsler, C., Antonello, M., Belov, A., Bonomi, G., Brusa, R. S., Caccia, M., Camper, A., Caravita, R., Castelli, F., Cheinet, P., et al. (2021) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-020-00494-z · Cited by 79
Investigation of the fine structure of antihydrogen
Ahmadi, M., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Cohen, S., Collister, R., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2006-5 · Cited by 79
Self-citationObservation of the 1S–2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen
Ahmadi, M., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Cohen, S., Collister, R., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0435-1 · Cited by 77
Self-citationAdkins, G. S., Cassidy, D. B., & Pérez‐Ríos, J. (2022) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2022.05.002 · Cited by 74
Candidate for Laser Cooling of a Negative Ion: High-Resolution Photoelectron Imaging of Th−
Tang, R., Si, R., Fei, Z., Fu, X., Lu, Y., Brage, T., Liu, H., Chen, C., & Ning, C. (2019) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.203002 · Cited by 68
A new frontier in laboratory physics: magnetized electron–positron plasmas
Stoneking, M. R., Pedersen, T. S., Helander, P., Chen, H., Hergenhahn, U., Stenson, E. V., Fiksel, G., von der Linden, J., Saitoh, H., Surko, C. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Plasma Physics · doi:10.1017/s0022377820001385 · Cited by 60
Prospects for comparison of matter and antimatter gravitation with ALPHA-g
Bertsche, W. A. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0265 · Cited by 56
Self-citationLaser spectroscopy of pionic helium atoms
Hori, M., Aghai-Khozani, H., Sótér, A., Dax, A., & Barna, D. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2240-x · Cited by 56
In-beam measurement of the hydrogen hyperfine splitting and prospects for antihydrogen spectroscopy
Diermaier, M., Jepsen, C. B., Kolbinger, B., Malbrunot, C., Massiczek, O., Sauerzopf, C., Simon, M. C., Zmeskal, J., & Widmann, E. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15749 · Cited by 47
The ASACUSA antihydrogen and hydrogen program: results and prospects
Malbrunot, C., Amsler, C., Cuendis, S. A., Breuker, H., Dupré, P., Fleck, M., Higaki, H., Kanai, Y., Kolbinger, B., Kuroda, N., et al. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0273 · Cited by 46
Direct laser cooling of calcium monohydride molecules
Vazquez-Carson, S., Sun, Q., Dai, J., Mitra, D., & Zelevinsky, T. (2022) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ac806c · Cited by 44
Sympathetic cooling of positrons to cryogenic temperatures for antihydrogen production
Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Mathad, A. C., Eriksson, S., Evans, A., Evetts, N., Fabbri, S., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26086-1 · Cited by 43
Self-citationSympathetic cooling of protons and antiprotons with a common endcap Penning trap
Bohman, M., Mooser, A. H., Schneider, G. L., Schön, N., Wiesinger, M., Harrington, J., Higuchi, T., Nagahama, H., Smorra, C., Sellner, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500340.2017.1404656 · Cited by 41
Ultracold Anions for High-Precision Antihydrogen Experiments
Cerchiari, G., Kellerbauer, A., Safronova, M. S., Safronova, U. I., & Yzombard, P. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.133205 · Cited by 41
Bray, I., Abdurakhmanov, I. B., Bailey, J. J., Bray, A., Fursa, D. V., Kadyrov, A. S., Rawlins, C. M., Savage, J. S., Stelbovics, A. T., & Zammit, M. C. (2017) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa8a23 · Cited by 39
Gravity, antimatter and the Dirac-Milne universe
Chardin, G., & Manfredi, G. (2018) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1007/s10751-018-1521-3 · Cited by 35
Measurement of the antiproton–nucleus annihilation cross-section at low energy
Aghai-Khozani, H., Bianconi, A., Corradini, M., Hayano, R., Hori, M., Leali, M., Rizzini, E. L., Mascagna, V., Murakami, Y., Prest, M., et al. (2018) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.01.001 · Cited by 35
Penning micro-trap for quantum computing
Jain, S., Sägesser, T., Hrmo, P., Torkzaban, C., Stadler, M., Oswald, R., Axline, C., Bautista-Salvador, A., Ospelkaus, C., Kienzler, D., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07111-x · Cited by 33
“However, challenges arise because of the intrinsic nature of the radio-frequency (rf) fields, which require specialized junctions for two-dimensional (2D) connectivity of different regions of the trap.”
Fundamentals of Charged Particle Transport in Gases and Condensed Matter
Robson, R. E., White, R. D., & Hildebrandt, M. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315120935 · Cited by 31
Quantum suppression of antihydrogen formation in positronium-antiproton scattering
Kadyrov, A. S., Bray, I., Charlton, M., & Fabrikant, I. I. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01721-y · Cited by 30
Self-citationEnhanced Control and Reproducibility of Non-Neutral Plasmas
Ahmadi, M., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Cohen, S., Collister, R., et al. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.025001 · Cited by 29
Self-citationTang, R., Si, R., Fei, Z., Fu, X., Lu, Y., Brage, T., Liu, H., Chen, C., & Ning, C. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.103.042817 · Cited by 27
Focusing of a Rydberg Positronium Beam with an Ellipsoidal Electrostatic Mirror
Jones, A. C. L., Moxom, J., Rutbeck-Goldman, H. J., Osorno, K., Cecchini, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Greaves, R. G., Adams, D. J., Tom, H. W. K., Mills, A. P., et al. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.053201 · Cited by 25
Cavity-enhanced deep ultraviolet laser for two-photon cooling of atomic hydrogen
Cooper, S. F., Burkley, Z., Brandt, A. D., Rasor, C., & Yost, D. C. (2018) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.43.001375 · Cited by 25
Compression of a mixed antiproton and electron non-neutral plasma to high densities
Aghion, S., Amsler, C., Bonomi, G., Brusa, R. S., Caccia, M., Caravita, R., Castelli, F., Cerchiari, G., Comparat, D., Consolati, G., et al. (2018) · The European Physical Journal D · doi:10.1140/epjd/e2018-80617-x · Cited by 25
Precision spectroscopy of the hyperfine components of the 1S–2S transition in antihydrogen
Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Christensen, A., Collister, R., Mathad, A. C., Eriksson, S., et al. (2025) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02712-9 · Cited by 23
Self-citationLaser-driven production of the antihydrogen molecular ion
Zammit, M. C., Charlton, M., Jonsell, S., Colgan, J. P., Savage, J. S., Fursa, D. V., Kadyrov, A. S., Bray, I., Forrey, R. C., Fontes, C. J., et al. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.100.042709 · Cited by 23
Self-citationPhotodetachment and Doppler laser cooling of anionic molecules
Gerber, S., Fesel, J., Doser, M., & Comparat, D. (2018) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aaa951 · Cited by 23
20 Years and 20 Decimal Digits: A Journey With Optical Frequency Combs
Giunta, M., Fischer, M., Hänsel, W., Steinmetz, T., Lessing, M., Holzberger, S., Cleff, C., Hänsch, T. W., Mei, M., & Holzwarth, R. (2019) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2019.2955096 · Cited by 23
Vector theory of gravity: Universe without black holes and solution of dark energy problem
Svidzinsky, A. A. (2017) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/aa93a8 · Cited by 23
Microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy of ultracold plasmas
van Ninhuijs, M. A. W., Daamen, K. A., Franssen, J. G. H., Conway, J. W. C., Platier, B., Beckers, J., & Luiten, O. J. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.100.061801 · Cited by 21
On the gravitational field of a point-like body immersed in a quantum vacuum
Hajdukovic, D. S. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3350 · Cited by 20
Sanctuary, B. (2024) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math12131962 · Cited by 19
Aspects of 1 S -2 S spectroscopy of trapped antihydrogen atoms
Rasmussen, C. Ø., Madsen, N., & Robicheaux, F. (2017) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa854c · Cited by 19
Self-citationHan, J. Z., Qin, H. R., Xin, N. C., Yu, Y., Dzuba, V. A., Zhang, J., & Wang, L. J. (2021) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0041314 · Cited by 18
Rovibrational quenching of C2− anions in collisions with He, Ne, and Ar atoms
Mant, B. P., Gianturco, F. A., Wester, R., Yurtsever, E., & González‐Sánchez, L. (2020) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.102.062810 · Cited by 18
Sautenkov, V. A., Saakyan, S. A., Bobrov, A. A., Vilshanskaya, E. V., Zelener, B. B., & Zelener, B. V. (2018) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.35.001546 · Cited by 18
Cryogenic atomic hydrogen beam apparatus with velocity characterization
Cooper, S. F., Brandt, A. D., Rasor, C., Burkley, Z., & Yost, D. C. (2020) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.5129156 · Cited by 18
Efficient calculations of magnetic fields of solenoids for simulations
Granum, P., Madsen, M. L., McKenna, J. T. K., Hodgkinson, D. L., & Fajans, J. (2022) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.166706 · Cited by 17
Self-citationNear-threshold production of antihydrogen positive ion in positronium–antihydrogen collision
Yamashita, T., Kino, Y., Hiyama, E., Jonsell, S., & Froelich, P. (2020) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/abd682 · Cited by 16
Self-citationCryogenic mount for mirror and piezoelectric actuator for an optical cavity
Oliveira, A. N., Moreira, L. S., Sacramento, R. L., Kosulic, L., Brasil, V. B., Wolff, W., & Cesar, C. L. (2017) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4989404 · Cited by 14
Self-citationSisyphus optical lattice decelerator
Chen, C.-C., Bennetts, S., Escudero, R. G., Schreck, F., & Pasquiou, B. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.100.023401 · Cited by 14
Precision measurements on trapped antihydrogen in the ALPHA experiment
Eriksson, S. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0268 · Cited by 12
Self-citationPopulation dynamics in sideband cooling of trapped ions outside the Lamb-Dicke regime
Joshi, M. K., Hrmo, P., Jarlaud, V., Oehl, F., & Thompson, R. C. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.99.013423 · Cited by 11
Self-citationStationary afterglow apparatus with CRDS for study of processes in plasmas from 300 K down to 30 K
Plašil, R., Dohnal, P., Kálosi, Á., Roučka, Š., Shapko, D., Rednyk, S., Johnsen, R., & Glosík, J. (2018) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.5036834 · Cited by 11
Thermalisation of C2− with noble gases in cold ion traps
Mant, B. P., Gianturco, F. A., Wester, R., González‐Sánchez, L., & Yurtsever, E. (2020) · International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2020.116426 · Cited by 11
Measurements of Penning-Malmberg trap patch potentials and associated performance degradation
Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Christensen, A., Collister, R., Mathad, A. C., Eriksson, S., Evans, A., et al. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l012008 · Cited by 10
Self-citationAxial to transverse energy mixing dynamics in octupole-based magnetostatic antihydrogen traps
Zhong, A., Fajans, J., & Zukor, A. F. (2018) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aabb84 · Cited by 10
Self-citationShore, G. M. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/ng7y-7v34 · Cited by 9
Lifetime of magnetically trapped antihydrogen in ALPHA
Capra, A. (2019) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1007/s10751-018-1526-y · Cited by 9
Self-citationBrillouin Assisted Optoelectronic Self-Narrowing of Laser Linewidth
Danion, G., Vallet, M., Frein, L., Szriftgiser, P., & Alouini, M. (2019) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2019.2912874 · Cited by 9
Investigation of buffer gas trapping of positrons
Baker, C. J., Isaac, C. A., Edwards, D., Evans, H., Clayton, R., van der Werf, D. P., & Charlton, M. (2020) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aba10c · Cited by 9
Self-citationPulsed production of cold protonium in Penning traps
Gerber, S., Doser, M., & Comparat, D. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.100.063418 · Cited by 9
Special issue on antihydrogen and positronium
Charlton, M., Mills, A. P., & Yamazaki, Y. (2017) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa75d8 · Cited by 9
Self-citationThe ALPHA-2 apparatus - facilitating experimentation with trapped antihydrogen
Akbari, R., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W. A., Butler, E., Burrows, C., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., et al. (2025) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2024.170194 · Cited by 8
Self-citationAntihydrogen gives way to spectroscopic study
Miller, J. L. (2017) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/pt.3.3451 · Cited by 8
Excitation of positronium: from the ground state to Rydberg levels
Baker, C. J., Edwards, D. O., Isaac, C. A., Telle, H. H., van der Werf, D. P., & Charlton, M. (2017) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa9aa2 · Cited by 8
Self-citationNear-threshold behavior of positronium-antihydrogen scattering cross sections
Yamashita, T., Kino, Y., Hiyama, E., Jonsell, S., & Froelich, P. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.052812 · Cited by 8
Self-citationDesign and performance of a novel low energy multispecies beamline for an antihydrogen experiment
Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Christensen, A., Collister, R., Mathad, A. C., Eriksson, S., Evans, A., et al. (2023) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.26.040101 · Cited by 8
Self-citationUlmer, S., Mooser, A. H., Nagahama, H., Sellner, S., & Smorra, C. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0275 · Cited by 8
On the formation of trappable antihydrogen
Jonsell, S., & Charlton, M. (2018) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aabc71 · Cited by 8
Self-citationCIRCUS: an autonomous control system for antimatter, atomic and quantum physics experiments
Volponi, M., Ḣuck, S., Caravita, R., Zieliński, J., Kornakov, G., Kasprowicz, G. H., Nowicka, D., Rauschendorfer, T., Rienäcker, B., Prelz, F., et al. (2024) · EPJ Quantum Technology · doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00220-6 · Cited by 7
Zammit, M. C., Baker, C. J., Jonsell, S., Eriksson, S., & Charlton, M. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.050101 · Cited by 7
Self-citationAntihydrogen formation in low-energy antiproton collisions with excited-state positronium atoms
Kadyrov, A. S., Rawlins, C. M., Charlton, M., Fabrikant, I. I., & Bray, I. (2018) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1007/s10751-018-1519-x · Cited by 7
Self-citationOptical trapping of antihydrogen towards an atomic anti-clock
Crivelli, P., & Kolachevsky, N. (2020) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1007/s10751-018-1549-4 · Cited by 7
Adiabatic expansion cooling of antihydrogen
Ahmadi, M., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W. A., Capra, A., Cohen, S., Torkzaban, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Collister, R., et al. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032065 · Cited by 7
Self-citationShahbazian, S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90891-7.00017-7 · Cited by 7
Hubble law and acceleration curve emerges in a repulsive matter-anti matter galaxies simulations
Dimopoulos, C., Stamokostas, G. L., Gkouvelis, L., & Trigger, S. A. (2022) · Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2022.102806 · Cited by 7
Self-linewidth-narrowing photonic oscillator
Alouini, M., Danion, G., & Vallet, M. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.534463 · Cited by 6
Collisional relaxation of a strongly magnetized ion-electron plasma
Cohen, S., Sarid, E., & Gedalin, M. (2019) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.5109965 · Cited by 6
Self-citationYCharOS protocol for antibody validation
Monteiro, F. L., Voskuil, J. L. A., & Williams, C. (2024) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-024-01108-6 · Cited by 6
Kim, S., Jeong, T.-I., Taylor, R. A., Kyhm, K., Kim, S., & Kim, S. (2025) · PhotoniX · doi:10.1186/s43074-025-00170-x · Cited by 5
Long term frequency stabilization and frequency drift suppression of the 313 nm laser
Bai, W.-L., Peng, W.-C., Zhang, Q.-Y., Wang, C., Ao, Z.-Y., & Tong, X. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cjph.2024.04.005 · Cited by 5
Shore, G. M. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/vby7-p924 · Cited by 5
Shared symmetries of the hydrogen atom and the two-bit system
Rau, A. R. P., & Alber, G. (2017) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa8e39 · Cited by 5
Fokker-Planck coefficients for a magnetized ion-electron plasma
Cohen, S., Sarid, E., & Gedalin, M. (2018) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.5009284 · Cited by 5
Self-citationJonsell, S., & Charlton, M. (2020) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/abcded · Cited by 5
Self-citationFour-body Calculation of Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections of Positronium–Antihydrogen Collision
Yamashita, T., Kino, Y., Hiyama, E., Jonsell, S., & Froelich, P. (2021) · Few-Body Systems · doi:10.1007/s00601-021-01661-w · Cited by 5
Self-citationComparat, D., Malbrunot, C., Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S., Widmann, E., & Yzombard, P. (2023) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2023.0089 · Cited by 5
On the formation of antihydrogen beams using travelling optical lattices
Madsen, N., & Charlton, M. (2021) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ac0b7b · Cited by 4
Self-citationRecent progress of laser spectroscopy experiments on antiprotonic helium
Hori, M. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0270 · Cited by 4
Kolachevsky, N., Beyer, A., Maisenbacher, L., Matveev, A., Pohl, R., Khabarova, K. Y., Grinin, A., Lamour, T. P., Yost, D. C., Hänsch, T. W., et al. (2018) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.5025453 · Cited by 4
Trap induced broadening in a potential hydrogen lattice clock
Scott, J. P., Potvliege, R. M., Carty, D., & Jones, M. P. A. (2024) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/1681-7575/ad1e37 · Cited by 4
The race to reveal antimatter’s secrets
Gibney, E. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/548020a · Cited by 4
Rovibrational quenching calculations of C 2 − in collision with H 2
Giri, K., Mant, B. P., Gianturco, F. A., Wester, R., Franz, J., Biswas, R., Lourderaj, U., & Sathyamurthy, N. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.032817 · Cited by 3
Shared science’s time to shine
Harrison, C. (2023) · Lab Animal · doi:10.1038/s41684-023-01219-9 · Cited by 3
Modeling of antihydrogen beam formation for interferometric gravity measurements
Gerber, S. (2017) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa9c34 · Cited by 3
Progress towards an improved comparison of the proton-to-antiproton charge-to-mass ratios
Higuchi, T., Harrington, J. A., Borchert, M. J., Blessing, P. E., Devlin, J. A., Morgner, J., Sellner, S., Smorra, C., Bohman, M., Mooser, A. H., et al. (2018) · Hyperfine Interactions · doi:10.1007/s10751-018-1499-x · Cited by 3
Modern Interpretation of Periodic Phenomenon
Николаевич, Ф. Г., Lebedev, Y. A., & Николаевна, Д. Н. (2019) · Высшее образование в России · doi:10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-11-69-77 · Cited by 3
Development of a Position-Sensitive Detector for Positronium Inertial Sensing Measurements
Mariazzi, S., Caravita, R., Glöggler, L. T., Povolo, L., Penasa, L., Sharma, S. K., Moskal, P., & Brusa, R. S. (2022) · Acta Physica Polonica A · doi:10.12693/aphyspola.142.319 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Ahmadi, M., Alves, B. X. R., Baker, C. J., Bertsche, W., Butler, E., Capra, A., Carruth, C., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Cohen, S., Collister, R., Eriksson, S., Evans, A., Evetts, N., Fajans, J., Friesen, T., Fujiwara, M. C., Gill, D. R., Gutierrez, A., Hangst, J. S., Hardy, W. N., Hayden, M. E., Isaac, C. A., Ishida, A., Johnson, M. A., Jones, S. A., Jonsell, S., Kurchaninov, L., Madsen, N., Mathers, M., Maxwell, D., McKenna, J. T. K., Menary, S., Michan, J. M., Momose, T., Munich, J. J., Nolan, P., Olchanski, K., Olin, A., Pusa, P., Rasmussen, C. Ø., Robicheaux, F., Sacramento, R. L., Sameed, M., Sarid, E., Silveira, D. M., Stracka, S., Stutter, G., So, C., Tharp, T. D., Thompson, J. E., Thompson, R. I., van der Werf, D. P., & Wurtele, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Swansea University (GB)
- Cockcroft Institute (GB)
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH)
- TRIUMF (CA)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University College London (GB)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- York University (CA)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center (IL)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Marquette University (US)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Hangst, J. S.
- ORCID
- Alves, B. X. R.
- Bertsche, W.
- Butler, E.
- Capra, A.
- Cesar, C. L.
- Charlton, M.
- Cohen, S.
- Eriksson, S.
- Fajans, J.
- Friesen, T.
- Fujiwara, M. C.
- Gill, D. R.
- Gutierrez, A.
- Hangst, J. S.
- Hardy, W. N.
- Isaac, C. A.
- Ishida, A.
- Johnson, M. A.
- Jones, S. A.
- Jonsell, S.
- Kurchaninov, L.
- Madsen, N.
- Maxwell, D.
- McKenna, J. T. K.
- Momose, T.
- Munich, J. J.
- Nolan, P.
- Olin, A.
- Rasmussen, C. Ø.
- Robicheaux, F.
- Sameed, M.
- Sarid, E.
- Stracka, S.
- Stutter, G.
- So, C.
- Tharp, T. D.
- Thompson, J. E.
- Thompson, R. I.
- van der Werf, D. P.
- Wurtele, J. S.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2016-12-19
- Volume
- 541
- Issue
- 7638
- Pages
- 506-510
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2564082370
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 12.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- TRIUMF
- CERN
- Leverhulme Trust
- Royal Society
- Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Israel Science Foundation
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K017373/1, EP/D040108/1, EP/E016332/1, EP/P024785/1, EP/L014734/1, EP/H026932/1, EP/K040235/1, EP/G068968/1, EP/I005692/1, EP/H02431X/1, EP/F033885/1, 1422853, EP/L005522/1, EP/P024769/1, EP/E048951/1, EP/L014769/1, EP/L014718/1)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (1686188)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- antihydrogen, 1S-2S transition, antihydrogen spectroscopy, matter-antimatter symmetry, CPT symmetry, antimatter, trapped antihydrogen, laser-induced transitions, hydrogen spectrum, beryllium-9, antiproton decelerator, baryon asymmetry, quantum electrodynamics, ALPHA collaboration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
