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Observation of a many-body dynamical phase transition with a 53-qubit quantum simulator
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A quantum simulator is a type of quantum computer that controls the interactions between quantum bits (or qubits) in a way that can be mapped to certain quantum many-body problems. As it becomes possible to exert more control over larger numbers of qubits, such simulators will be able to tackle a wider range of problems, such as materials design and molecular modelling, with the ultimate limit being a universal quantum computer that can solve general classes of hard problems. Here we use a quantum simulator composed of up to 53 qubits to study non-equilibrium dynamics in the transverse-field Ising model with long-range interactions. We observe a dynamical phase transition after a sudden change of the Hamiltonian, in a regime in which conventional statistical mechanics does not apply. The qubits are represented by the spins of trapped ions, which can be prepared in various initial pure states. We apply a global long-range Ising interaction with controllable strength and range, and measure each individual qubit with an efficiency of nearly 99 per cent. Such high efficiency means that arbitrary many-body correlations between qubits can be measured in a single shot, enabling the dynamical phase transition to be probed directly and revealing computationally intractable features that rely on the long-range interactions and high connectivity between qubits.
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“Analog quantum simulators have been getting notably more sophisticated, and are already being employed to study quantum dynamics in regimes which may be beyond the reach of classical simulators [51, 52].”
From Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond (2018) · cites this paper as [52]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, J., Pagano, G., Hess, P. W., Kyprianidis, A., Becker, P., Kaplan, H., Gorshkov, A. V., Gong, Z.-X., & Monroe, C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, J.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-11-30
- Volume
- 551
- Issue
- 7682
- Pages
- 601-604
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6506159
- OpenAlex
- W2744305830
- Semantic Scholar
- c0a03980f716165b71587b2e20a02af7e17abe69
- Cited by
- 1,079
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 163 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 53.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Keywords
- quantum simulation, trapped-ion quantum simulator, transverse-field Ising model, long-range interactions, nonequilibrium dynamics, single-shot measurement, many-body correlations, quantum computing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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