The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Overcoming cellular barriers for RNA therapeutics
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics, such as small-interfering (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, synthetic mRNAs and CRISPR-Cas9, have great potential to target a large part of the currently undruggable genes and gene products and to generate entirely new therapeutic paradigms in disease, ranging from cancer to pandemic influenza to Alzheimer's disease. However, for these RNA modalities to reach their full potential, they first need to overcome a billion years of evolutionary defenses that have kept RNAs on the outside of cells from invading the inside of cells. Overcoming the lipid bilayer to deliver RNA into cells has remained the major problem to solve for widespread development of RNA therapeutics, but recent chemistry advances have begun to penetrate this evolutionary armor.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As an emerging programmable gene interference technique, siRNA offers high specificity and flexibility in targeting the diseased human genome [236].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [236]
In the citing paper
“Many obstacles still exist despite the rise in studies on delivery platforms, including toxicity and the precise distribution of mRNA to extrahepatic organs [13, 14].”
From Exosome for mRNA delivery: Strategies and therapeutic applications (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Independent of the administration route, several evolutionary barriers are designed to prevent any intrusion of foreign nucleic acids and thus limit the delivery of exogenous mRNA [74].”
From Three decades of messenger RNA vaccine development (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“For instance, RNA interference (RNAi) technology enables the downregulation of disease related genes and protein expression; mRNA mediates the expression and supplementation of therapeutic proteins; the CRISPR gene editing system facilitates gene engineering in vivo or through cell engineering ex vivo.[6, 9, 11, 17–20]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“For instance, RNA interference (RNAi) technology enables the downregulation of disease related genes and protein expression; mRNA mediates the expression and supplementation of therapeutic proteins; the CRISPR gene editing system facilitates gene engineering in vivo or through cell engineering ex vivo.[6, 9, 11, 17–20]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“For instance, RNA interference (RNAi) technology enables the downregulation of disease related genes and protein expression; mRNA mediates the expression and supplementation of therapeutic proteins; the CRISPR gene editing system facilitates gene engineering in vivo or through cell engineering ex vivo.[6, 9, 11, 17–20]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“With the development of chemical modifications on RNA molecules, modified siRNA are reported to remain intact for long durations under circulation, which provides the possibility of delivering siRNA without the shielding of nanoparticles.[19, 75, 76]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
Lipinski, C. A., Lombardo, F., Dominy, B. W., & Feeney, P. J. (2001) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(00)00129-0 · Cited by 18,139
A Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity
Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225829 · Cited by 17,116
Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Fire, A., Xu, S., Montgomery, M. K., Kostas, S. A., Driver, S. E., & Mello, C. C. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35888 · Cited by 15,429
Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems
Cong, L., Ran, F. A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P. D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L. A., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1231143 · Cited by 15,339
Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells
Elbashir, S. M., Harborth, J., Lendeckel, W., Yalcin, A., Weber, K., & Tuschl, T. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35078107 · Cited by 9,456
RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9
Mali, P., Yang, L., Esvelt, K. M., Aach, J., Guell, M., DiCarlo, J. E., Norville, J. E., & Church, G. M. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232033 · Cited by 9,210
Matsumura, Y., & Maeda, H. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 6,781
Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo
Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1690918 · Cited by 4,173
Doherty, G. J., & McMahon, H. T. (2009) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.081307.110540 · Cited by 3,075
In vivo genome editing using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9
Ran, F. A., Cong, L., Yan, W. X., Scott, D. A., Gootenberg, J. S., Kriz, A. J., Zetsche, B., Shalem, O., Wu, X., Makarova, K. S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14299 · Cited by 2,687
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Rich, A. in Horizons In Biochemistry (eds. Kasha, M. & Pullman, B.) 103–126 (Academic Press, New York, 1962).
- Cummings, R. & McEver, R. in Essentials of Glycobiology. 2nd edn. (eds. Varki, A. et al.) Chapter 31 (Cold Spring Harbor (NY); Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,000
A dual-locked cyclopeptide–siRNA conjugate for tumor-specific gene silencing
Li, C., Sun, S., Kong, H., Xie, X., Liang, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., & Li, J. (2024) · RSC Chemical Biology · doi:10.1039/d4cb00247d · Cited by 3
Assessing the Cellular Uptake, Endosomal Escape, and Cytosolic Entry Efficiencies of Cyclic Peptides
Salim, H., & Pei, D. (2021) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1689-5_16 · Cited by 3
Methods for CPP Functionalization
Langel, Ü. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8747-0_3 · Cited by 3
Long Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease
Holdt, L. M., Kohlmaier, A., & Teupser, D. (2019) · Cardiac and vascular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27371-2_7 · Cited by 3
Kruse, H. V., Tran, C., van Zandwijk, N., Suchowerska, N., McKenzie, D. R., & Reid, G. (2020) · Engineering Reports · doi:10.1002/eng2.12087 · Cited by 3
Wu, G., Li, J., Yang, J., & Xiao, X. (2023) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/d2me00236a · Cited by 3
mTOR Inhibition Enhances Delivery and Activity of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Uveal Melanoma Cells
Dewaele, S., Delhaye, L., Paepe, B. D., Bogaert, B., Martinez, R., Anckaert, J., Yigit, N., Nuytens, J., Coster, R. V., Eyckerman, S., et al. (2023) · Nucleic Acid Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/nat.2023.0008 · Cited by 3
Peptides as molecular Trojan horses
Yuan, P. (2022) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-022-00906-3 · Cited by 3
PROGRESS OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDE THERAPEUTICS TARGET TO RNA
Pan, Y., Zhou, X., & Yang, Z. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119692799.ch11 · Cited by 3
Application of vinyl polymer‐based materials as nucleic acids carriers in cancer therapy
Pereira, P., Serra, M. E. S., Serra, A. C., & Coelho, J. F. J. (2022) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1820 · Cited by 2
Chen, Z., Zhang, Z., Liu, S., Xiao, Z., Luo, Y., Pan, X., Feng, X., & Xu, L. (2024) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107475 · Cited by 2
Imai, S., Watanabe, N., Tone, Y., Mitamura, R., Mori, J., Kameyama, T., Yamada, T., & Kusano, K. (2024) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.124.001806 · Cited by 2
Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs)
Tosar, J. P. (2024) · Topics in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1007/7355_2024_170 · Cited by 2
The Road to RNAi-Based Pest Control: A Historical Perspective
Swevers, L., Palli, S. R., & Smagghe, G. J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81549-2_1 · Cited by 2
Loading Proteins into Extracellular Vesicles to Camouflage Protein Allergens
Rao, E., Paterna, A., Longo, V., Aloi, N., Adamo, G., Picciotto, S., Romancino, D. P., Raccosta, S., Bongiovanni, A., Colombo, P., et al. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c03419 · Cited by 2
Liang, Y., An, R., Du, P., Liu, S., Wei, Y., Zheng, J., Lei, P., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-025-2936-7 · Cited by 2
Design strategies to optimize polymeric vectors for mRNA delivery
Turhan, Z. Y., Savaş, M., Alakbarov, A., & Bulmuş, V. (2025) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A · doi:10.1080/10601325.2025.2587806 · Cited by 2
Hedrich, C. M. (2025) · ACR Open Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/acr2.70138 · Cited by 2
O'Shaughnessy, L., Khosravi, R., Robins, J., Anane-Adjei, A., Mazza, M., Hori, N., Gurnani, P., & Alexander, C. (2025) · RSC Applied Polymers · doi:10.1039/d5lp00251f · Cited by 4
miRNA Delivery Systems, Improvements, and Challenges
Tuteja, D., Yadav, A. K., Bhatia, D. D., & Kumar, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-5989-3_9 · Cited by 2
Gao, M., Wen, Z., Zhang, X., Guo, Z., & Jiang, Y. (2026) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ae435b · Cited by 2
Topical Delivery of CNP-miR146a via a Pluronic Lecithin Organogel Enhances Diabetic Wound Healing
Lyttle, B. D., Bardill, J. R., Vaughn, A. E., Apte, A., Agustin, A. S., Kolanthai, E., Seal, S., Jackson, D. M., Liechty, K. W., & Zgheib, C. (2026) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18020248 · Cited by 2
Calcium Shock Enables Efficient and Programmable Particle Delivery for Genome Editing Applications
Vo, N., de Oñate, L., Frank, M., Hu, X., Blackburn, S. M., Foss, D. V., Villegas, J., Asija, K., Hockemeyer, D. F., Fu, H., et al. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202510441 · Cited by 2
The m6A-circRNA axis: a therapeutic prospect for gastric cancer
Li, Z., Gu, Y., Gu, H., She, Q., & Tong, Y. (2026) · Cell Biology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s10565-026-10184-1 · Cited by 2
RNA Therapeutics in Viral Infections and Cancer: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospects: A Review
Generalov, E. A., Shevelev, A. B., Romanov, D., Tarasova, O. A., & Pozdniakova, N. V. (2026) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18040431 · Cited by 3
Promoter‐Targeting RNA Technologies: An Epigenetic Strategy for Gene Activation and Gene Silencing
Hegde, R., Ajees, M. A., Damodar, K. S. H., Poojary, E., Hegde, S., & Kabekkodu, S. P. (2026) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews - RNA · doi:10.1002/wrna.70043 · Cited by 2
Progress in siRNA nucleic acid therapeutics and challenges in their application to cancer treatment
Ui‐Tei, K. (2026) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1093/jjco/hyag099 · Cited by 3
Design of Nanocarriers for Kidney Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
Lee, J. H., Han, J., Park, S., & Mok, H. (2026) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.70210 · Cited by 2
Nanomedicine Strategies to Ameliorate Neuroinflammation and Prevent Secondary Neural Tissue Damage
Hegab, R. A., & Peppas, N. A. (2026) · ACS Nano Medicine · doi:10.1021/acsnanomed.6c00120 · Cited by 2
Self-Healing Hydrogels as Biomedical Scaffolds for Cell, Gene and Drug Delivery
Yuan, W., & Wang, C. (2017) · Research & Reviews Journal of Material Sciences · doi:10.4172/2321-6212.1000191 · Cited by 2
Two-dimensional Ostwald ripening with irreversible absorption or reaction on boundaries
Zhdanov, V. P. (2019) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2019.122405 · Cited by 2
A diaminoethane motif bearing low molecular weight polymer as a new nucleic acid delivery agent
Zelçak, A., Unal, Y. C., Meşe, G., & Bulmuş, V. (2021) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102551 · Cited by 2
Gene Silencing Therapeutics in Cardiology: A Review Article
Jay, P. Y., Maier, M. A., Saltonstall, L., Duarte, L., Antonino, I., & Vest, J. (2021) · International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences · doi:10.36660/ijcs.20200306 · Cited by 2
Aptamers and antisense oligonucleotide-based delivery
Yazdian, F. A., & Janghorbani, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91924-1.00012-5 · Cited by 2
Critical applications and prospects of RNA modification in mRNA vaccines
Liu, C., Peng, J., Zhang, M., Xiang, H., & Yi, C. (2024) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2023-0800 · Cited by 2
Jiang, S., Lv, X., Ouyang, Z., Chi, H., Zeng, Y., Wang, Y., He, J., Chen, J., Chen, J., An, K., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202407986 · Cited by 2
Non-coding RNAs in thoracic disease: Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma
Sheng, S., Guo, J., Lu, C., & Hu, X. (2025) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120242 · Cited by 2
Tumor suppressor protein-inspired peptide for siRNA delivery and synergistic cancer therapy
Essola, J. M., Yang, H., Liu, W., Hussain, A., Naeem, A., He, H., Barth, S., Wang, Z., Fan, K., Zhang, M., et al. (2025) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2025.03.006 · Cited by 2
Shin, Y., Lee, H., Fang, X., Cui, S., Lim, S. W., Lee, K. I., Lee, J. Y., Kim, H. L., Oh, Y., Li, C., et al. (2025) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102573 · Cited by 2
Wen, D., Fu, P., Shuai, G., Wang, Y., Yu, S., Liu, H., Wan, W. K., Zou, J., & Zou, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1622117 · Cited by 2
Dhoble, S., Dhage, S. N., Pulakkat, S., & Patravale, V. B. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3642-3_12 · Cited by 2
Slow relaxation during and after perturbation of bistable kinetics of gene expression
Zhdanov, V. P. (2019) · European Biophysics Journal · doi:10.1007/s00249-019-01358-3 · Cited by 2
Emerging CRISPR/Cas9 applications for T-cell gene editing
Preece, R., & Georgiadis, C. (2019) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20180144 · Cited by 2
Matsubara, M., Honda, K., Ozaki, K., Kajino, R., Kakisawa, Y., Maeda, Y., & Ueno, Y. (2020) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d0ra05919f · Cited by 2
Mani, H., Chen, Y.-C., Chen, Y.-K., Liu, W., Lo, S., Lin, S.-H., & Liou, J.-W. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13060858 · Cited by 2
Weidle, U. H., & Nopora, A. (2021) · Cancer Genomics & Proteomics · doi:10.21873/cgp.20283 · Cited by 2
Development of RNA-Based Medicine for Colorectal Cancer: Current Scenario
Amit, A., Yadav, S., Singh, R. P., & Kumar, C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72702-4_16 · Cited by 2
Cortinhas, J., Pêgo, A. P., & Moreno, P. M. D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818084-6.00009-x · Cited by 2
Polymeric micelles for drug delivery in oncology with an emphasis on siRNA conveyance
Marquet, F., & Borchard, G. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89868-3.00014-8 · Cited by 2
Hoff, K., Halpain, M., Garbagnati, G., Edwards, J., & Zhou, W. (2019) · doi:10.1101/561092 · Cited by 2
Biomaterials for Advanced Personalized Therapeutic Approaches
Rai, A., Mitra, A., Chatterjee, N., Kumar, P., Malik, S., Kumar, V., & Misra, S. K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820352-1.00096-1 · Cited by 2
DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotides: An unanticipated twist in the delivery of ASOs
Setten, R. L., & Dowdy, S. F. (2022) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2022.06.013 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSelf-delivering CRISPR RNAs for AAV Co-delivery and Genome Editing in vivoPreprint
Zhang, H., Kelly, K. L., Lee, J., Echeverria, D., Cooper, D., Panwala, R., Chen, Z., Gaston, N., Newby, G. A., Xie, J., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533459 · Cited by 2
RNA therapeutics for the treatment of blood disorders
Ngo, A. D., Nguyen, H. L., Çağlayan, Ş., & Chu, D. (2024) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.005 · Cited by 1
Qutub, S., Bhat, I. A., Maatouk, B. I., Moosa, B., Fakim, A., Nawaz, K., Díaz‐Galicia, E., Lin, W., Grünberg, R., Arold, S. T., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202403647 · Cited by 1
Manual and automated synthesis of modified oligonucleotides on core–shell solid supports
Menéndez-Méndez, L. M., Fàbrega, C., Aviñó, A. M., Eritja, R., Lee, Y., Sanghvi, Y. S., Fernández, S., & Ferrero, M. (2024) · Results in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101930 · Cited by 1
Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
Tosar, J. P. (2024) · Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1007/7355_2024_171 · Cited by 1
Application of small interfering RNA technology in cytochrome P450 gene modulation
Jiang, W., Sang, R., Zhang, C., Yin, R., Ouyang, Z., & Yuan, W. (2025) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100040 · Cited by 1
Complicated crosstalk between HMGA and non-coding RNAs modulates hallmarks of cancer
Zhang, L., Zhao, X., Gao, X., Qin, H., Chen, F., & Lin, Z. (2025) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-025-03713-1 · Cited by 1
Self‐Assembled Multilayered Concentric Supraparticle Architecture
Suresh, A., Suresh, D., Li, Z., Sansalone, J., Aluru, N. R., Upendran, A., & Kannan, R. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202502055 · Cited by 1
Efficient Cytosolic Delivery of siRNA Using Lyophilized and Reconstituted Polymer-siRNA Polyplexes
Nagaraj, H., Jeon, T., Çiçek, Y. A., Goswami, R., Nasim, N., Mhaske, R., & Rotello, V. M. (2025) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-025-03884-6 · Cited by 1
RNA Therapeutics: Bridging Discovery and Clinical Implementation
Sioud, M. (2025) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4742-4_1 · Cited by 1
Lipid Nanoparticle Co‐Delivery of mRNA and a Small Molecule Drug for Oral Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy
Padilla, M. S., Li, J. J., Zhang, Q., Patwari, K., Shi, S., Yamagata, H. M., Joseph, R. A., Hymms, B. N., Teerdhala, S. V., Fitzgerald, E., et al. (2026) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.73721 · Cited by 1
The crosstalk between MiRNAs and autophagy in leukemia: mechanisms and therapeutic insights
Beyrami, A. F., Akbari, A. A. M., Maleki, L. A., Dolati, S., & Yousefi, M. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-03686-7 · Cited by 2
Nano/micro-scale targeted RNA delivery systems for cancer therapy
Li, X.-B., Liu, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Li, J., Wagner, E., & Zhang, C. Y. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126451 · Cited by 1
Kim, M., Kim, K., Lee, J., Lee, S. H., Choi, S., Park, S. A., Jeong, E., Choi, S., Park, H. H., Park, T., et al. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202511362 · Cited by 2
Lu, H., Huang, Q., Xiong, Z., Wu, C., Ren, S., Wang, X., & Shi, J. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.172968 · Cited by 2
Monodisperse mRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Enabled by Optimizing an Ionizable Cationic Lipid
Toyoda, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Tsuda, S., Yamamura, H., Shimada, N., & Akiba, I. (2026) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c05504 · Cited by 1
de Mello, L. R., Siddiq, I. A., Garcia, B. B. M., Hamley, I. W., Riske, K. A., Han, S. W., Tresset, G., Lansac, Y., Jang, Y. H., & da Silva, E. R. (2026) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.5c01567 · Cited by 1
Dual centrifugation – a novel perspective on lipid nanoparticle formulation development
Bender, V., Fuchs, L. Y., Köll-Weber, M., Lembeck, J., Kaul, L., Süss, R., & Massing, U. (2026) · RSC Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1039/d5pm00287g · Cited by 1
Non-coding RNAs in gene therapy: mechanisms, delivery strategies, and clinical translation
Abuhaliema, A., Gharaibeh, L., Jaradat, E., Hammad, M., & Alshaer, W. (2026) · Pharmacia · doi:10.3897/pharmacia.73.e173259 · Cited by 1
Nucleic Acid Nanodevices for siRNA Delivery
Sun, M., Ding, Y., & Chao, J. (2026) · ACS Nano Medicine · doi:10.1021/acsnanomed.5c00196 · Cited by 1
MicroRNAs in kidney fibrosis: A review from molecular insights to therapeutic frontiers
Samad, A. F. A., Chiu, C., Kamaroddin, M. F., & Guerrero, J. J. G. (2026) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.151466 · Cited by 1
Kongtaworn, N., Toopradab, B., Todsaporn, D., Tinpovong, P., Thongsuebsaeng, R., Maitarad, P., & Rungrotmongkol, T. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27094075 · Cited by 2
From edits to Circuits: Nucleic acid therapeutics for Correcting human disease
Guinn, M. T., Sinenko, I., Ghanta, R. K., & Omid Veiseh, A. (2026) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103351 · Cited by 1
Gil-Cabrerizo, P., Simón‐Yarza, T., Imaz, A. M., Lugli, E., Paredes, J., Aldazabal, J., Garbayo, E., & Blanco‐Prieto, M. J. (2026) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-026-02167-w · Cited by 1
Exploring the functional role of XIST in breast cancer from mechanisms to clinical implications
Zyada, N. I., KAMEL, M. M., Elzayat, E. M., & Wahab, A. H. A. A. (2026) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-026-04978-2 · Cited by 1
Tompach, M. C., Craig, K., & De, S. (2026) · Nucleic Acid Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/21593337261457402 · Cited by 1
The Use of Deep Learning in RNA Therapeutic Development
Subramanian, D. A., Yao, S. L., Chan, A., Witten, J. J., Reker, D., Anderson, D. G., Langer, R., & Traverso, G. (2026) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.6c02090 · Cited by 1
Accelerating drug discovery with mass spectrometry-driven bioanalytical innovations and beyond
Mwangi, J. N., Hill, R. C., Runnebohm, A. M., Czerwieniec, G. A., & Berna, M. J. (2026) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.1080/17576180.2026.2687591 · Cited by 1
Survivin-Targeting Antisense Oligonucleotides in Cancer Therapy
Poudel, B. H., Chen, S., & Veedu, R. N. (2026) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31132283 · Cited by 1
Xu, L., Yu, H., Li, X. Y., & Ge, J. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.74697 · Cited by 1
From PEG to randomized PEG: a macromolecular strategy tackling PEG immunogenicity
Schmidt, J., Bockhard, C., Simon, L., Linden, G. M., Scheiger, J. M., & Frey, H. (2026) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2026.115943 · Cited by 3
Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for the Delivery of Small-Molecule Therapeutics
Tong, P., Hu, X., Yan, K., Yuan, X., James, T. D., Wang, H., & He, X. (2026) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6c06915 · Cited by 1
The ADC-driven development paradigm and evolution into XDC: Current landscape and future trends
Lin, L., Zuo, C., Zhou, L., Chen, Z., Xia, Y., Kong, Z., Qi, M., Niu, M., Hou, Y., Han, H., et al. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2026.08.033 · Cited by 1
Hani, U. E., Sulaiman, M., Zafar, H., & Raza, F. (2026) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d6tb01950a · Cited by 1
Vasconcelos, F., & Daniel, L. (2017) · Cited by 1
Molecular and Genetic Therapies
Narayanaswami, P., & Živković, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00011-1 · Cited by 1
Matsuda, H., Ito, H., Nukaga, Y., Uehara, S., Sato, K., Kuwahara, H., & Wada, T. (2021) · Tetrahedron Letters · doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153526 · Cited by 1
Fire Burn and Cauldron Bubble: What Is in Your Genome Editing Brew?
Patange, S., & Maragh, S. (2022) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00431 · Cited by 2
Heo, T.-Y., Hoang, Q. T., Cao, T. G. N., Oh, S. H., Ryu, M.-C., Shim, M. S., & Choi, S. (2022) · Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12257-022-0222-6 · Cited by 2
Modern prospects of targeted hypolipidemic therapy
Kuchmin, A. N., Борисович, Н. М., Grachev, A. M., & Смирнова, Е. В. (2023) · Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy · doi:10.17816/brmma321350 · Cited by 1
Hou, G., Alissa, M., Alsuwat, M. A., Alarjany, H. M. A., Alzahrani, K. J., Althobaiti, F. M., Mujalli, H. M., Alotaiby, M. M., Al-Doaiss, A. A., & Anthony, S. (2024) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102627 · Cited by 1
RNA and the emerging potential of bio-inspired molecules in cardiovascular disease therapies
Ahmed, N. T., & Davis, D. R. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae348 · Cited by 1
Pan, Y., Wang, Q., & Ma, Y. (2024) · Interdisciplinary cancer research · doi:10.1007/16833_2024_285 · Cited by 1
Bae, Y., Lee, H., Lee, J. H., Yeo, S., & Mok, H. (2025) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.202500165 · Cited by 1
Long Noncoding RNA as Novel Cancer Diagnostic and Effective Therapeutic Targets
Leucci, E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8372-3_12 · Cited by 1
Rôle et potentiel thérapeutique des microARNs dans le diabète
Jacovetti, C., & Regazzi, R. (2019) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(19)30115-4 · Cited by 1
Prospective Advances in Non-coding RNAs Investigation
Jan, M. I., Ali, T., Ishtiaq, A., Mushtaq, I., & Murtaza, I. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_24 · Cited by 1
Disulfide-unit Conjugation Enables Ultrafast Cytosolic Internalization of Antisense DNA and siRNA
Nakamoto, K., Shu, Z., & Abe, H. (2020) · Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry Japan · doi:10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.456 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Dowdy, S. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dowdy, Steven F
- ORCID
- Dowdy, Steven F
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2017-02-27
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 222-229
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W2594133976
- Cited by
- 1,139
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 103 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 133 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 141 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 120 · 2017: 41
- FWCI
- 9.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- RNA therapeutics, RNA delivery, lipid bilayers, siRNA, microRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, synthetic mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9
- MeSH terms
- RNAi Therapeutics, Animals, Cell Membrane, Humans, RNA, RNA Interference, Nanocapsules, Molecular Targeted Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review