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Regulating transgenic crops sensibly: lessons from plant breeding, biotechnology and genomics
Abstract
The costs of meeting regulatory requirements and market restrictions guided by regulatory criteria are substantial impediments to the commercialization of transgenic crops. Although a cautious approach may have been prudent initially, we argue that some regulatory requirements can now be modified to reduce costs and uncertainty without compromising safety. Long-accepted plant breeding methods for incorporating new diversity into crop varieties, experience from two decades of research on and commercialization of transgenic crops, and expanding knowledge of plant genome structure and dynamics all indicate that if a gene or trait is safe, the genetic engineering process itself presents little potential for unexpected consequences that would not be identified or eliminated in the variety development process before commercialization. We propose that as in conventional breeding, regulatory emphasis should be on phenotypic rather than genomic characteristics once a gene or trait has been shown to be safe.
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“These developments may lead to a revaluation of the current rDNA process-based regulatory trigger for GE organisms to a more scientifically defensible product-based approach centered on the novelty and any unique risks associated with the phenotype of the product rather than the process used to accomplish the genetic modification (Bradford et al., 2005; McHughen, 2007).”
From Prevalence and impacts of genetically engineered feedstuffs on livestock populations1 (2014) · cites this paper as Bradford et al., 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bradford, K. J., Van Deynze, A., Gutterson, N., Parrott, W., & Strauss, S. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Mendel Biotechnology (United States) (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strauss, Steven H
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 439-444
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W2150788885
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 25.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Keywords
- genetically modified crops, regulatory costs, plant breeding, genetic engineering safety
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Biotechnology, Breeding, Genetic Engineering, Crops, Agricultural, Genome, Plant, Genomics, Plants, Genetically Modified, Government Regulation
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