Deliberating stratospheric aerosols for climate geoengineering and the SPICE project
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Despite fulfilling engagement and regulatory requirements, SPICE was canceled in 2012 following public controversy and disputes over undeclared intellectual property claims related to aerosol delivery technologies.
“Despite fulfilling engagement and regulatory requirements, the project was canceled in 2012 following public controversy and disputes over undeclared intellectual property claims related to aerosol delivery technologies (Pidgeon et al., 2013).”
From Past Field Experiments of Solar Radiation Modification: A Review of the Scientific and Technical Aspects for Governance (2026) · cites this paper as Pidgeon et al., 2013
The Discussion reports that the SPICE test bed was cancelled in June 2012, primarily because of difficulties surrounding a patent application for the pipe technology. It also says the public-engagement criterion was met but not all other Stagegate criteria had been fulfilled. The paper describes public criticism, but does not identify it as a cause of cancellation or say the intellectual-property claims were undeclared; it does not establish that regulatory requirements were fulfilled. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSPICE highlighted uncertainties related to engineering scalability: performance from a 1 km testbed offered limited relevance to stratospheric conditions at an altitude of 18-20 km, where wind shear, temperature, and pressure differ substantially.
“In its planned approach, SPICE highlighted uncertainties related to engineering scalability: performance from a 1 km testbed offered limited relevance to stratospheric conditions at an altitude of 18-20 km, where wind shear, temperature, and pressure differ substantially (Pidgeon et al., 2013).”
From Past Field Experiments of Solar Radiation Modification: A Review of the Scientific and Technical Aspects for Governance (2026) · cites this paper as Pidgeon et al., 2013
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSPICE highlighted societal concerns that stratospheric aerosol research could undermine emissions reduction efforts and emphasized governance mechanisms to address public opposition.
“SPICE highlighted societal concerns that stratospheric aerosol research could undermine emissions reduction efforts and emphasized governance mechanisms to address public opposition (Pidgeon et al., 2013).”
From Past Field Experiments of Solar Radiation Modification: A Review of the Scientific and Technical Aspects for Governance (2026) · cites this paper as Pidgeon et al., 2013
SPICE explicitly incorporated responsible innovation principles, including safety, regulatory compliance, transparency, and anticipatory governance.
“Although technically focused and not a direct SRM experiment, SPICE also explicitly incorporated responsible innovation principles, including safety, regulatory compliance, transparency, and anticipatory governance (Pidgeon et al., 2013).”
From Past Field Experiments of Solar Radiation Modification: A Review of the Scientific and Technical Aspects for Governance (2026) · cites this paper as Pidgeon et al., 2013
SPICE would have provided limited insight into climate-relevant signals of SAI or the potential risks and scalability, limited to engineering challenges such as pipe stability.
“As a result, it would have provided limited insight into climate-relevant signals of SAI or the potential risks and scalability (limited to engineering challenges such as pipe stability) (Pidgeon et al., 2013).”
From Past Field Experiments of Solar Radiation Modification: A Review of the Scientific and Technical Aspects for Governance (2026) · cites this paper as Pidgeon et al., 2013
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Climate Engineering and Abatement: A ‘flat’ Relationship Under Uncertainty
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The EPSRC’s Policy of Responsible Innovation from a Trading Zones Perspective
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Do small outdoor geoengineering experiments require governance?
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- Authors
- Pidgeon, N., Parkhill, K., Corner, A., & Vaughan, N.
- Affiliations
- Tyndall Centre (GB)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pidgeon, Nick
- Venue
- Nature Climate Change
- Published
- 2013-04-14
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 451-457
- ISSN
- 1758-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-6798
- OpenAlex
- W2035854836
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 10.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Climate Change (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0938099)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/I014721/1)
- Natural Environment Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- stratospheric aerosol injection, geoengineering, public acceptance, citizen participation, SPICE project, field trials, ethics of geoengineering, responsible innovation, climate change mitigation
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