The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Consequences of twenty-first-century policy for multi-millennial climate and sea-level change
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Nations that may have large ERW potential, including China, the United States and India, are all vulnerable to climate change and resultant sea-level rise 34 .”
From Potential for large-scale CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
Citations
Cites
Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Marquis, M. C., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., Miller, H. L., & Chen, Z. (2007) · Cited by 23,398
Self-citation(2013) · Cited by 6,752
Self-citationClimate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change
Change, I. P. O. C. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415416 · Cited by 4,731
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300
Meinshausen, M. A., Smith, S. J., Calvin, K., Daniel, J. S., Kainuma, M., Lamarque, J., Matsumoto, K., Montzka, S. A., Raper, S. C. B., Riahi, K., et al. (2011) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z · Cited by 3,781
Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change
Houghton, J. T., Filho, L. G. M., Callander, B. A., Harris, N. L., Kattenberg, A., & Maskell, K. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,503
Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions
Solomon, S., Plattner, G.-K., Knutti, R., & Friedlingstein, P. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812721106 · Cited by 3,217
Self-citationGreenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 °C
Meinshausen, M., Meinshausen, N., Hare, W., Raper, S. C. B., Frieler, K., Knutti, R., Frame, D. J., & Allen, M. R. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08017 · Cited by 2,775
Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene
Lambeck, K., Rouby, H., Purcell, A., Sun, Y., & Sambridge, M. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1411762111 · Cited by 2,215
Self-citationWarming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne
Allen, M. R., Frame, D. J., Huntingford, C., JONES, C. D., Lowe, J. A., Meinshausen, M. A., & Meinshausen, N. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08019 · Cited by 1,691
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 84 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- IPCC Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects (eds Field, C. B. et al.) 1132 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014).
- Keeling, C. D. & Bacastow, R. B. in Energy and Climate: Studies in Geophysics 72–95 (National Academy of Sciences, 1977).
- Solomon, S. et al. Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia (National Academies Press, 2011).
- Hartmann, D. L. et al. in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (eds Stocker, T. F. et al.) 159–254 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
- Flato, G. et al. in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (eds Stocker, T. F. et al.) 741–866 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
- Charney, J. G. Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment (National Academies of Science Press, 1979).
- Church, J. A. et al. in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (eds Stocker, T. F. et al.) 1137–1216 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
- Masson-Delmotte, V. et al. in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (eds Stocker, T. F. et al.) 383–464 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
- Vaughan, D. G. et al. in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (eds Stocker, T. F. et al.) 317–382 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
- Ciais, P. et al. in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (eds Stocker, T. F. et al.) 465–570 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
- King, D., Schrag, D., Dadi, Z., Ye, Q. & Ghosh, A. Climate Change: A Risk Assessment (Univ. Cambridge, Centre for Science and Policy, 2015).
- Committee on Geoengineering Climate Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration (National Academies Press, 2015).
- Committee on Geoengineering Climate Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth (National Academies Press, 2015).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–644 of 644
Heinze, C. (2024) · BGD · doi:10.5194/bg-2023-182-ac3
Heinze, C. (2024) · BGD · doi:10.5194/bg-2023-182-ac2
Smith, E. K. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-1622-ac2
Chapter 4. Forest Time and the Passions of Economic Man
Nordblad, J. (2022) · Berghahn Books · doi:10.1515/9781800733350-006
Klose, A. K. (2024) · The Cryosphere · doi:10.5194/tc-2023-156-ac1
Hau, B. V., Minh, T. T. H., Hải, T. T., Kim, N. T., Bình, P. V., Dao, V. A., Tuấn, T. Q., & Hiền, B. T. T. (2024) · Journal of Hydro-meteorology · doi:10.36335/vnjhm.2024(763).92-101
Bui, H. V., & Tran, T. Q. (2023) · Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences · doi:10.46326/jmes.2023.64(5).04
Detecting non-stationarity of precipitation across coastal-terrestrial Virginia
Yang, X., Wang, X., & Cai, Z. (2024) · Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106289
Kelman, I. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15654-0.00024-4
Estuaries and deltas in the Anthropocene
Cearreta, A., Gardoki, J., Irabién, M. J., & García‐Artola, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13215-5.00011-5
Adapting to the Mega-Greenhouse: Climate Change Policies for the Very Long Run
Gowdy, J. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_104-2
Kumar, A., & Gupta, R. K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-24038-6.00001-0
Comment on egusphere-2024-3010
Clark, P. U., Shakun, J. D., Rosenthal, Y., et al. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2024-3010-rc2
The Sea Level Rise under Global Warming
Qin, M. (2025) · Theoretical and Natural Science · doi:10.54254/2753-8818/2025.19828
Clark, P. U. (2025) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2024-3010-ac1
Self-citationClark, P. U. (2025) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2024-3010-ac2
Self-citationA stratigrapher’s reflecions on climate change and energy transition
Carpio, M. M. (2025) · Journal of Iberian Geology · doi:10.1007/s41513-025-00282-0
杨, 杰. (2025) · Operations Research and Fuzziology · doi:10.12677/orf.2025.152115
Here for 450 Million Years, Going Now: Ocean Timelines, Climate Crisis, and Life Writing
Brant, C. (2023) · Biography · doi:10.1353/bio.2023.a959020
Salinization and DevelopmentPreprint
Ludwig, M., & Le, H. M. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5350684
Climate change: a challenge for postharvest management, food loss, food quality
Campanini, N. C. S. V., Weis, C. M. S. C., Gonçalves, G. C. V., Wolff, É. R., Tormen, L., Bertan, L. C., & Treichel, H. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26520-4.00012-3
Lemaire, G. (2025) · Earth System Governance · doi:10.1016/j.esg.2025.100290
Adapting to the Mega-Greenhouse: Climate Change Policies for the Very Long Run
Gowdy, J. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84483-6_104
Lima, D., Al-Kuwari, S. M., & Gladich, I. (2025) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.5c04880
“[9, 10] Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) is part of a broader category of solar geoengineering technologies and aims to reduce global warming by increasing Earth’s albedo, i.e., by reflecting more solar radiation back into space and reducing the amount that reaches the surface.”
Sea level rise: A plea for taking the viewpoint of the ocean
Casati, R., Portier, A., Delor, C. A., Baird-Zars, B., Cérino, C., Cantillo, O. J. E., Eveillard, D., Malatesta, S., & di Friedberg, M. S. (2025) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106972
Hibbert, F., Garrett, E., & Gehrels, W. R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-32838-1.00012-6
“Not Your Climate Refugees”: A Maldivian Perspective on Migration and Adaptation
Stojanov, R., Kelman, I., & Procházka, D. (2026) · Island Studies Journal · doi:10.24043/001c.159184
Zhu, J., Chen, Z. K., & Tan, G. (2026) · Frontiers of Architectural Research · doi:10.1016/j.foar.2026.02.009
Climate-driven depopulation and adaptation realities in America’s coastal ground zero
Törnqvist, T. E., Castro, B., Keenan, J. M., Mehta, J. M., & Shen, Z. (2026) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-026-01820-z
“The implication is that the original RSL elevation was considerably higher, estimated here at +7.5 ± 1.2 m. Studies that provide a longer perspective on future sea-level change show that even under favourable emissions scenarios, global sea level may continue to rise for millennia 15 .”
InfluentialLiu, P., Din, A. H. M., Hamden, M. H., Hamid, A. I. A., Yang, S., Alihan, N. S. A., & Affandi, M. L. A. (2026) · Environmental Research Communications · doi:10.1088/2515-7620/ae699f
“The global mean sea level is predicted to continue rising for centuries to millennia (Clark et al 2016, Mengel et al 2018, Cozannet et al 2023, Palmer and Weeks 2024), while land subsidence exacerbating the relative sea level rise (RSLR) in many coastal cities and increasing flood risk as coastal…”
Mapping global grassland carbon sinks studies: A data-driven analysis of research topics and trends
Li, M., Jiang, T., Yu, T., Bo-Yang, Yan, Q., Gao, X., Ren, W., Xun, Q., Liu, B., Wu, L., et al. (2026) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2026.e04258
Satellites reveal contrasting seasonal buffering patterns of global lakes and reservoirs
Chen, T., Cooley, S. W., Madson, A., Ke, L., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, N., Liu, K., Zeng, F., Zhan, P., et al. (2026) · 中国科学通报:英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2026.06.024 · Cited by 1
Untimely and Unsolvable: Climate Rhetoric’s Problem of Many Times
Gross, A. (2026) · Rhetoric Society Quarterly · doi:10.1080/02773945.2026.2656131
Feulner, G. (2026) · Global Challenges · doi:10.1002/gch2.70126
“Awareness of long timescales is also particularly relevant in light of the fact that our actions today can have long-term legacy effects on the future Earth system, for example in terms of sea-level rise [ 32 ].”
Rocha, M. X. (2026) · Terrae Didatica · doi:10.20396/td.v22i00.8682034
Avornyo, S. Y., Bonì, R., Ikuemonisan, F. E., Jayson‐Quashigah, P., Okyere, O., Kwame-Biney, M., Minderhoud, P. S. J., Mahu, E., Teatini, P., & Addo, K. A. (2026) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs18173042
Earth's climate history in a planetary context
Zalasiewicz, J., & Williams, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/bs.spadv.2026.08.007
Fertakos, M. E., Bradley, B. A., Doser, J. W., & Itter, M. S. (2026) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.70600
Rangelands as adaptation reserves, not carbon units
Wendt, J. A. F., Fuhlendorf, S. D., Cibils, A. F., Steiner, J. L., Hesed, C. D. M., Twidwell, D., Augustine, D. J., Bestelmeyer, B. T., Boughton, E. H., Brown, J. R., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.crsus.2026.100869 · Cited by 1
Climate change through Earth’s history
Zalasiewicz, J., & Williams, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-32834-3.00017-7
Metadata
- Authors
- Clark, P. U., Shakun, J. D., Marcott, S. A., Mix, A. C., Eby, M., Kulp, S., Levermann, A., Milne, G. A., Pfister, P. L., Santer, B. D., Schrag, D. P., Solomon, S., Stocker, T. F., Strauss, B. H., Weaver, A. J., Winkelmann, R., Archer, D., Bard, E., Goldner, A., Lambeck, K., Pierrehumbert, R. T., & Plattner, G.-K.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Boston College (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Climate Central (US)
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (US)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (DE)
- University of Chicago (US)
- American Association For The Advancement of Science (US)
- Australian National University (AU)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Clark, Peter U.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Climate Change
- Published
- 2016-02-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 360-369
- ISSN
- 1758-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-6798
- OpenAlex
- W2253610007
- Cited by
- 646
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 26
- FWCI
- 45.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Climate Change (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- publish.UP (University of Potsdam) (submittedVersion)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Keywords
- long-term climate change, sea-level change, anthropogenic climate change, climate policy, CO2 emissions, Holocene, deglaciation, climate change projections, climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, civilization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review