The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emergent quantum confinement at topological insulator surfaces
Open accessAbstract
The surface electronic structure of bismuth-chalchogenide topological insulators interfaced to air or other materials has complex features not predicted by theory. Bahramy et al. propose a model explaining the origin of these electronic states, and uncover their rich spin texture by circular dichroism experiments. Bismuth-chalchogenides are model examples of three-dimensional topological insulators. Their ideal bulk-truncated surface hosts a single spin-helical surface state, which is the simplest possible surface electronic structure allowed by their non-trivial Z2 topology. However, real surfaces of such compounds, even if kept in ultra-high vacuum, rapidly develop a much more complex electronic structure whose origin and properties have proved controversial. Here we demonstrate that a conceptually simple model, implementing a semiconductor-like band bending in a parameter-free tight-binding supercell calculation, can quantitatively explain the entire measured hierarchy of electronic states. In combination with circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission experiments, we further uncover a rich three-dimensional spin texture of this surface electronic system, resulting from the non-trivial topology of the bulk band structure. Moreover, our study sheds new light on the surface-bulk connectivity in topological insulators, and reveals how this is modified by quantum confinement.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
Perdew, J. P., Burke, K., & Ernzerhof, M. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865 · Cited by 215,824
Colloquium : Topological insulators
Hasan, M. Z., & Kane, C. L. (2010) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.3045 · Cited by 19,930
Z 2 Topological Order and the Quantum Spin Hall Effect
Kane, C. L., & Mele, E. J. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.146802 · Cited by 6,460
Topological insulators in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface
Zhang, H., Liu, C.-X., Qi, X.-L., Dai, X., Fang, Z., & Zhang, S.-C. (2009) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1270 · Cited by 6,359
wannier90: A tool for obtaining maximally-localised Wannier functions
Mostofi, A. A., Yates, J. R., Lee, Y.-S., Souza, I., Vanderbilt, D., & Marzari, N. (2008) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2007.11.016 · Cited by 4,234
Observation of a large-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface
Xia, Y., Qian, D., Hsieh, D., Wray, L., Pal, A., Lin, H., Bansil, A., Grauer, D., Hor, Y. S., Cava, R. J., et al. (2009) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1274 · Cited by 3,765
Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator, Bi 2 Te 3
Chen, Y. L., Analytis, J. G., Chu, J.-H., Liu, Z. K., Mo, S.-K., Qi, X. L., Zhang, H. J., Lu, D. H., Dai, X., Fang, Z., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1173034 · Cited by 3,585
Maximally localized Wannier functions for entangled energy bands
Souza, I., Marzari, N., & Vanderbilt, D. (2001) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.65.035109 · Cited by 2,220
A tunable topological insulator in the spin helical Dirac transport regime
Hsieh, D., Xia, Y., Qian, D., Wray, L., Dil, J. H., Meier, F., Osterwalder, J., Patthey, L., Checkelsky, J. G., Ong, N. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08234 · Cited by 1,979
Self-citationSemiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces
Mönch, W. (1993) · Springer Series in Surface Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-02882-7 · Cited by 1,014
Cited by
Colloquium : Topological band theory
Bansil, A., Lin, H., & Das, T. (2016) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.88.021004 · Cited by 1,587
Direct observation of spin-polarized bulk bands in an inversion-symmetric semiconductor
Riley, J. M., Mazzola, F., Dendzik, M., Michiardi, M., Takayama, T., Bawden, L., Granerød, C., Leandersson, M., Balasubramanian, T., Hoesch, M., et al. (2014) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3105 · Cited by 364
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bahramy, M. S., King, P. D. C., de la Torre, A., Chang, J., Shi, M., Patthey, L., Balakrishnan, G., Hofmann, P., Arita, R., Nagaosa, N., & Baumberger, F.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2012-10-23
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1159-1159
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2127632055
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 49
- FWCI
- 12.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Emergent quantum confinement at topological insulator surfaces. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/ncomms2162
- The paper
- Bahramy, M. S., King, P. D. C., de la Torre, A., Chang, J., Shi, M., Patthey, L., Balakrishnan, G., Hofmann, P., Arita, R., Nagaosa, N., & Baumberger, F. (2012). Emergent quantum confinement at topological insulator surfaces. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2162
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.