Cited by 219Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Genome-wide association study of corticobasal degeneration identifies risk variants shared with progressive supranuclear palsy

Open access
Kouri, Naomi, Ross, Owen A., Dombroski, Beth, Younkin, Curtis S., Serie, Daniel J., Soto-Ortolaza, Alexandra, Baker, Matthew, Finch, Ni Cole A. +46 more·2015·Nature Communications

Abstract

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement and cognition, definitively diagnosed only at autopsy. Here, we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in CBD cases (n=152) and 3,311 controls, and 67 CBD cases and 439 controls in a replication stage. Associations with meta-analysis were 17q21 at MAPT (P=1.42 × 10−12), 8p12 at lnc-KIF13B-1, a long non-coding RNA (rs643472; P=3.41 × 10−8), and 2p22 at SOS1 (rs963731; P=1.76 × 10−7). Testing for association of CBD with top progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) GWAS single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified associations at MOBP (3p22; rs1768208; P=2.07 × 10−7) and MAPT H1c (17q21; rs242557; P=7.91 × 10−6). We previously reported SNP/transcript level associations with rs8070723/MAPT, rs242557/MAPT, and rs1768208/MOBP and herein identified association with rs963731/SOS1. We identify new CBD susceptibility loci and show that CBD and PSP share a genetic risk factor other than MAPT at 3p22 MOBP (myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein).

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This first corticobasal degeneration (CBD) GWAS in autopsy-proven cases identified genome-wide significant associations at MAPT and lnc-KIF13B-1, plus suggestive loci at SOS1 and MOBP. It reports that CBD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) share a non-MAPT genetic risk factor at 3p22 MOBP.

Key findings

  • Meta-analysis found associations at MAPT (rs393152, P=1.42 × 10−12), lnc-KIF13B-1 at 8p12 (rs643472, P=3.41 × 10−8), SOS1 at 2p22 (rs963731, P=1.76 × 10−7), MOBP at 3p22 (rs1768208, P=2.07 × 10−7), and MAPT H1c (rs242557, P=7.91 × 10−6).
  • Discovery-stage conditional logistic regression showed MAPT rs393152 OR=3.45, P=6.71 × 10−9; lnc-KIF13B-1 rs643472 OR=1.88, P=7.12 × 10−7; SOS1 rs963731 OR=2.46, P=2.04 × 10−6; MOBP rs1768208 OR=1.65, P=3.86 × 10−5; and MAPT H1c rs242557 OR=1.48, P=1.20 × 10−3.
  • The MOBP association was stronger in CBD than in PSP: MAFCBD=0.40, OR=1.71 versus MAFPSP=0.36, OR=1.39, making it the first reported non-MAPT shared genetic risk factor between CBD and PSP.
  • eQTL analysis detected SOS1/rs963731 associations with transcript levels in cerebellum (P=4.61 × 10−4) and temporal cortex (P=2.80 × 10−6); previously reported MAPT/rs8070723 and MOBP/rs1768208 SNP/transcript associations were also noted.

Methods

  • Two-stage GWAS: discovery stage included 152 autopsy-proven CBD cases and 3,311 controls; replication stage included 67 autopsy-proven CBD cases and 457 controls (the abstract states 439 controls). Discovery genotyping used Human 660W-Quad and Human HapMap550 Infinium BeadChips; replication used Taqman assays or Sanger sequencing.
  • Association testing used conditional logistic regression under an additive model with the first multidimensional scaling principal component as a covariate; discovery and replication results were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. Genotype imputation used the 1,000 Genomes European reference, and eQTL analysis used a brain expression GWAS of cerebellar and temporal cortex samples.
  • Additional analyses included HaploRegv2 annotation, testing of top PSP GWAS SNPs, and quantitative PCR for lnc-KIF13B-1 expression in superior frontal cortex from CBD cases and controls.

Limitations

  • The paper states that the sample size is a clear limitation, that a stringent discovery threshold (P<10−5) was used to control false positives, that power was low to detect modest-effect variants, and that two associations did not replicate.
  • Evident from the text: the replication cohort was small (67 CBD cases), and the control count differs between the abstract (439) and the results/methods (457). Also, eQTL analysis could not be performed for the 8p12 locus because the eGWAS lacked rs643472 or LD proxies and DUSP4 expression probes failed quality control.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/ncomms8247

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

3 of 14 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Fewer than 50% of patients with corticobasal syndrome have CBD at autopsy.

    “This phenotypic variability results in <50% of patients with CBS having CBD at autopsy567.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [5] Kouri, N., Whitwell, J. L., Josephs, K. A., Rademakers, R. & Dickson, D. W. Corticobasal degeneration: a pathologically distinct 4R tauopathy. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 7, 263–272 (2011). source

      The Introduction says autopsy studies show considerable variation in the pathology of patients with CBS, supporting the point that CBS does not always indicate CBD. The Corticobasal syndrome section gives approximately 50% for the reverse group—autopsy-confirmed CBD cases presenting with CBS—not the percentage of CBS patients who have CBD at autopsy. Our copy therefore does not establish the claimed <50% figure. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [6] Ling, H. et al. Does corticobasal degeneration exist? A clinicopathological re-evaluation. Brain 133, 2045–2057 (2010). source
    • cites [7] Boeve, B. F. et al. Pathologic heterogeneity in clinically diagnosed corticobasal degeneration. Neurology 53, 795–800 (1999). source
  • Findingcitation

    CBD cases have a greater OR estimate at MOBP compared with PSP (MAFCBD=0.40; OR=1.71; MAFPSP=0.36; OR=1.39).

    “In support of the MOBP locus being a shared genetic risk factor between CBD and PSP, CBD cases have an even greater OR estimate compared with PSP (MAFCBD=0.40; OR=1.71; MAFPSP=0.36; OR=1.39; ref. 17).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [17] Hoglinger, G. U. et al. Identification of common variants influencing risk of the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy. Nat. Genet. 43, 699–705 (2011). source

      The paper’s Abstract reports a significant association between MOBP and PSP risk. Our copy does not report MOBP results for CBD or the cited allele frequencies and odds ratios, so it does not support the claimed CBD–PSP comparison (searched: CBD, corticobasal degeneration, and the stated estimates). (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingown data

    Random effects meta-analysis showed suggestive evidence for association at the MAPT H1c haplotype (rs242557, Pmeta=7.9 × 10−6).

    “SNPs at MOBP (rs1768208, Pmeta=2.1 × 10−7) (Fig. 1c), SOS1 (rs963731, Pmeta=1.8 × 10−7) (Fig. 1d) and MAPT H1c haplotype (rs242557, Pmeta=7.9 × 10−6) had suggestive evidence for association with CBD.”
    • Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
      “In addition, CBD was also associated with rs242557 (P=7.91 × 10−6), a SNP tagging the H1c subhaplotype at 17q21, shown to be associated with PSP and located in a regulatory region influencing MAPT expression26.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    rs963731 at 2p22 alters 18 regulatory motifs.

    “Results show that rs643472 is located in an enhancer region in multiple cell lines and alters three transcription factor motifs, rs963731 at 2p22 alters 18 regulatory motifs, and rs1768208 at 3p22 is in high LD (R2=0.89–0.98) with five SNPs that are located in enhancer regions in several brain regions (Supplementary Table 6 and Supplementary Fig. 5).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    rs242557 at the MAPT locus was associated with CBD (OR=1.48, P=1.20 × 10−3).

    “Testing for association using conditional logistic regression analysis with the top PSP GWAS SNPs identified rs1768208 (OR=1.65, P=3.86 × 10−5), an intronic SNP in MOBP (myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein), and rs242557 (OR=1.48, P=1.20 × 10−3) at the MAPT locus to be associated with CBD.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 8
  • May combine two claims. 8
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The first PSP GWAS discovered three non-MAPT susceptibility loci at STX6, EIF2AK3, and MOBP.

    “Recently, the first PSP GWAS17 discovered three non-MAPT susceptibility loci at STX6, EIF2AK3, and MOBP, raising the possibility that additional non-MAPT genetic risk factors or modifiers may also exist for CBD.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [17] Hoglinger, G. U. et al. Identification of common variants influencing risk of the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy. Nat. Genet. 43, 699–705 (2011). source
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    HaploRegv2 results show that rs643472 is located in an enhancer region in multiple cell lines and alters three transcription factor motifs.

    “Results show that rs643472 is located in an enhancer region in multiple cell lines and alters three transcription factor motifs, rs963731 at 2p22 alters 18 regulatory motifs, and rs1768208 at 3p22 is in high LD (R2=0.89–0.98) with five SNPs that are located in enhancer regions in several brain regions (Supplementary Table 6 and Supplementary Fig. 5).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    CBD is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder that can only be diagnosed upon neuropathologic examination.

    “CBD is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder that can only be diagnosed upon neuropathologic examination, which has impeded the ability to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWASs).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [1] Dickson, D. W. et al. Office of rare diseases neuropathologic criteria for corticobasal degeneration. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 61, 935–946 (2002). source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    CBD is a tauopathy with abnormal aggregates of microtubule-associated protein tau in the brain.

    “Similar to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, CBD is a tauopathy, having abnormal aggregates of microtubule-associated protein tau in the brain1.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [1] Dickson, D. W. et al. Office of rare diseases neuropathologic criteria for corticobasal degeneration. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 61, 935–946 (2002). source
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Both CBD and PSP now have confirmed genome-wide significant associations at the MAPT locus.

    “Both CBD and PSP now have confirmed genome-wide significant associations at the MAPT locus.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The mean RIN in frontal cortex for 22 CBD cases (5.6±0.38) was not different from 19 controls (6.4±0.77).

    “The mean RIN in frontal cortex for 22 CBD cases (5.6±0.38) were not different from 19 controls (6.4±0.77).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Discovery-stage controls were not age matched to cases, but were genotyped at the same center using the same protocol as the CBD cases.

    “Discovery stage controls were recruited from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Health Care Network, and although these controls are not age matched to the cases, the justification for using this cohort is that they were all genotyped at the same center using the same protocol as the CBD cases.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Only samples with an RNA integrity value >5 were included in the lnc-KIF13B-1 expression study.

    “only samples with an RNA integrity value >5 were included in this study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Neuropathologic diagnostic criteria for CBD require tau inclusions in neurons and glia, with tau astrocytic plaques, and extensive thread-like pathology in grey and white matter.

    “Neuropathologic diagnostic criteria for CBD are based on tau immunohistochemistry, requiring tau inclusions in neurons and glia, with tau astrocytic plaques, and extensive thread-like pathology in both grey matter and white matter1.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [1] Dickson, D. W. et al. Office of rare diseases neuropathologic criteria for corticobasal degeneration. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 61, 935–946 (2002). source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Association of CBD with the H1 haplotype was first reported in a series of 18 cases and subsequently confirmed in a larger autopsy series of 57 cases.

    “An association of CBD with the H1 haplotype was first reported in a series of 18 cases (16 corticobasal syndrome patients and two autopsy-confirmed CBD cases)15 and subsequently confirmed in a larger autopsy series of 57 cases16.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [15] Di Maria, E. et al. Corticobasal degeneration shares a common genetic background with progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann. Neurol. 47, 374–377 (2000). source
    • cites [16] Houlden, H. et al. Corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy share a common tau haplotype. Neurology 56, 1702–1706 (2001). source
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Genetic association studies of PSP have repeatedly shown increased risk for individuals carrying the H1 MAPT haplotype at chromosome 17q21.

    “yet genetic association studies of PSP have repeatedly shown an increased risk for individuals carrying the H1 MAPT haplotype at chromosome 17q21 (refs 11, 12, 13, 14).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [11] Baker, M. et al. Association of an extended haplotype in the tau gene with progressive supranuclear palsy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8, 711–715 (1999). source
    • cites [12] Ezquerra, M. et al. Identification of a novel polymorphism in the promoter region of the tau gene highly associated to progressive supranuclear palsy in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 275, 183–186 (1999). source
    • cites [13] Higgins, J. J. et al. An extended 5'-tau susceptibility haplotype in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology 55, 1364–1367 (2000). source
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The results indicate an overlap in genetic risk factors for PSP and CBD, but additional genetic variation differs between the two disorders.

    “The results of the current study and those of the PSP GWAS indicate an overlap in genetic risk factors for PSP and CBD, but it appears that there is additional genetic variation that differs between the two disorders.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    All qPCR reactions were technically replicated.

    “All qPCR reactions were technically replicated.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
13 of 13
  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Genotype frequencies are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in CBD cases and control individuals separately, and association testing is performed using logistic regression under an additive model.

    “The power assessment assumes that genotype frequencies are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in CBD cases and control individuals separately and that association testing is performed using logistic regression under an additive model.”
1 of 1

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • SNPs within the H1 haplotype of the MAPT locus are associated with increased risk for CBD, PSP, and FTD.

    “Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the H1 haplotype of the MAPT locus are associated with increased risk for CBD, PSP, and FTD [20, 24, 32].”

    From Shared genetic risk between corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and frontotemporal dementia (2017) · cites this paper as [24]

    The Results (Discovery GWAS and replication; page unavailable) report an association between the MAPT H1c-tagging SNP rs242557 and CBD. The Discussion (page unavailable) says this SNP was also associated with PSP. Our copy mentions FTD as a possible clinical presentation associated with other underlying disorders, but does not report an H1 MAPT risk association for FTD. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • GWAS of pathologically confirmed CBD cases and clinically and pathologically defined PSP cases have independently identified SNPs within MOBP as increasing disease risk.

    “Additionally, GWAS of pathologically confirmed CBD cases and from clinically and pathologically defined PSP cases have independently identified SNPs within MOBP as increasing disease risk [24] indicating that shared genetic risk may explain susceptibility to tau aggregates.”

    From Shared genetic risk between corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and frontotemporal dementia (2017) · cites this paper as [24]

    The Results (page unavailable) identify a MOBP SNP associated with increased CBD risk in autopsy-proven cases, and the Discussion (page unavailable) reports MOBP risk estimates for both CBD and an earlier PSP GWAS. Our copy does not specify whether that PSP GWAS included both clinically and pathologically defined cases, so it does not establish that qualifier. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Normal-control count differs for expression study

    Minor

    The results describe 20 normal cases for the lnc-KIF13B-1 expression study, but the methods report 19 controls.

  • Replication control count differs

    Minor

    The abstract reports 439 replication controls, while the study description reports 457.

  • SOS1 locus is assigned to two chromosome arms

    Minor

    The discovery results place SOS1 at 2q22, whereas the abstract and other sections place the locus at 2p22.

3 of 3

Cites

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2 of the 38 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kouri, N., Ross, O. A., Dombroski, B., Younkin, C. S., Serie, D. J., Soto-Ortolaza, A., Baker, M., Finch, N. C. A., Yoon, H., Kim, J., Fujioka, S., McLean, C. A., Ghetti, B., Spina, S., Cantwell, L. B., Farlow, M. R., Grafman, J., Huey, E. D., Ryung Han, M., Beecher, S., Geller, E. T., Kretzschmar, H. A., Roeber, S., Gearing, M., Juncos, J. L., Vonsattel, J. P. G., Van Deerlin, V. M., Grossman, M., Hurtig, H. I., Gross, R. G., Arnold, S. E., Trojanowski, J. Q., Lee, V. M., Wenning, G. K., White, C. L., Höglinger, G. U., Müller, U., Devlin, B., Golbe, L. I., Crook, J., Parisi, J. E., Boeve, B. F., Josephs, K. A., Wszolek, Z. K., Uitti, R. J., Graff-Radford, N. R., Litvan, I., Younkin, S. G., Wang, L.-S., Ertekin-Taner, N., Rademakers, R., Hakonarsen, H., Schellenberg, G. D., & Dickson, D. W.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
  • Mental Health Research Institute (AU)
  • Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Institut für Neuropathologie (DE)
  • Emory University (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania Health System (US)
  • Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
  • Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
Corresponding author
  • Kouri, Naomi
  • Dickson, Dennis W.
Venue
Nature Communications
Published
2015-06-16
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
7247-7247
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2261318990
Cited by
219
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 5
FWCI
12.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
  • DZNE Pub (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Publisher
Funders
  • Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (R01 NS078086, P50 NS072187, NS078086)
  • Mayo Clinic (P50 NS072187, P50 AG016574, R01 AG032990, R01 NS080820)
  • GHR Foundation
  • Rainwater Charitable Foundation
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HO2402/6‐2, AG10124)
  • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
  • National Institutes of Health (AG 10 124, NIH P50, 5p30ag010124-10, 5p50ag025688-15, AG016574, R01-NS080820, P50 AG016574, P50NS072187, NS078086, R01-NS078086, P30‐AG10124, NS53488, P01 AG17586, R01AG037491, AG 17586, AG017586, NIH P30 AG10133, NS072187, AG037491)
  • National Institute on Aging (P50 AG0016574, P30AG010133, P30AG10124, P30AG012300, U01 AG046139, R01-AG037491, P01 AG-17586, P30‐AG‐010124, P50‐AG016574, P01AG017586, P50 AG-025688, R01AG032990, P30 AG-10133)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50-NS53488, P50 NS 072187, R01 NS080820, P50NS053488, R01# NS078086, R01 NS076837)
  • State of Florida
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, genetic susceptibility loci, MAPT, MOBP, SOS1, long non-coding RNA, neurodegenerative disease genetics, shared genetic risk
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Basal Ganglia Diseases, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myelin Proteins, Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive, Case-Control Studies, Kinesins, tau Proteins, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, SOS1 Protein, Genome-Wide Association Study, Young Adult, RNA, Long Noncoding

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