The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Design of aqueous redox-enhanced electrochemical capacitors with high specific energies and slow self-discharge
Open accessAbstract
Electrochemical double-layer capacitors exhibit high power and long cycle life but have low specific energy compared with batteries, limiting applications. Redox-enhanced capacitors increase specific energy by using redox-active electrolytes that are oxidized at the positive electrode and reduced at the negative electrode during charging. Here we report characteristics of several redox electrolytes to illustrate operational/self-discharge mechanisms and the design rules for high performance. We discover a methyl viologen (MV)/bromide electrolyte that delivers a high specific energy of ∼14 Wh kg−1 based on the mass of electrodes and electrolyte, without the use of an ion-selective membrane separator. Substituting heptyl viologen for MV increases stability, with no degradation over 20,000 cycles. Self-discharge is low, due to adsorption of the redox couples in the charged state to the activated carbon, and comparable to cells with inert electrolyte. An electrochemical model reproduces experiments and predicts that 30–50 Wh kg−1 is possible with optimization.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Materials for electrochemical capacitors
Simon, P., & Gogotsi, Y. (2008) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2297 · Cited by 16,427
Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes
Zhang, L. L., & Zhao, X. S. (2009) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/b813846j · Cited by 7,459
What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors?
Winter, M., & Brodd, R. J. (2004) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr020730k · Cited by 7,389
Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Produced by Activation of Graphene
Zhu, Y., Murali, S., Stoller, M. D., Ganesh, K. J., Cai, W., Ferreira, P. J., Pirkle, A., Wallace, R. M., Cychosz, K. A., Thommes, M., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1200770 · Cited by 6,140
High-rate electrochemical energy storage through Li+ intercalation pseudocapacitance
Augustyn, V., Come, J., Lowe, M. A., Kim, J. W., Taberna, P.-L., Tolbert, S. H., Abruña, H. D., Simon, P., & Dunn, B. (2013) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3601 · Cited by 5,177
Electrochemical Capacitors for Energy Management
Miller, J. R., & Simon, P. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158736 · Cited by 4,831
Graphene-Based Supercapacitor with an Ultrahigh Energy Density
Liu, C., Yu, Z., Neff, D., Zhamu, A., & Jang, B. Z. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl102661q · Cited by 3,207
True Performance Metrics in Electrochemical Energy Storage
Gogotsi, Y., & Simon, P. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1213003 · Cited by 2,440
Reduction potentials of one-electron couples involving free radicals in aqueous solution
Wardman, P. (1989) · Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data · doi:10.1063/1.555843 · Cited by 2,123
Redox flow batteries: a review
Weber, A. Z., Mench, M. M., Meyers, J. P., Ross, P. N., Gostick, J. T., & Liu, Q. (2011) · Journal of Applied Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10800-011-0348-2 · Cited by 2,008
A metal-free organic–inorganic aqueous flow battery
Huskinson, B., Marshak, M. P., Suh, C., Er, S., Gerhardt, M. R., Galvin, C. J., Chen, X., Aspuru-Guzik, A., Gordon, R. G., & Aziz, M. J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12909 · Cited by 1,585
Yu, D., Goh, K., Wang, H., Wei, L., Jiang, W., Zhang, Q., Dai, L., & Chen, Y. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.93 · Cited by 1,436
Holey graphene frameworks for highly efficient capacitive energy storage
Xu, Y., Lin, Z., Zhong, X., Huang, X., Weiss, N. O., Huang, Y., & Duan, X. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5554 · Cited by 1,376
An Asymmetric Hybrid Nonaqueous Energy Storage Cell
Amatucci, G. G., Badway, F., Pasquier, A. D., & Zheng, T. (2001) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1383553 · Cited by 1,191
Electrochemistry of the viologens
Bird, C. L., & Kuhn, A. T. (1981) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/cs9811000049 · Cited by 1,088
Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries
(2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/b113788 · Cited by 1,041
Electrochemical Capacitors: Challenges and Opportunities for Real-World Applications
Miller, J. R., & Burke, A. (2008) · The Electrochemical Society Interface · doi:10.1149/2.f08081if · Cited by 799
Mai, L.-Q., Minhas-Khan, A., Tian, X., Hercule, K. M., Zhao, Y.-L., Lin, X., & Xu, X. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3923 · Cited by 766
Supercapacitors: Materials, Systems, and Applications
(2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527646661 · Cited by 584
Sapp, S. A., Elliott, C. M., Contado, C., Caramori, S., & Bignozzi, C. A. (2002) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja027355y · Cited by 560
Carbons for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Systems
(2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420055405 · Cited by 448
Roldán, S., Blanco, C., Granda, M., Menéndez, R., & Santamaría, R. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201006811 · Cited by 427
Michaelis, L., & Hill, E. S. (1933) · Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.16.6.859 · Cited by 423
Asymmetric electrochemical capacitors—Stretching the limits of aqueous electrolytes
Long, J. W., Bélanger, D., Brousse, T., Sugimoto, W., Sassin, M. B., & Crosnier, O. (2011) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/mrs.2011.137 · Cited by 416
Redox additive/active electrolytes: a novel approach to enhance the performance of supercapacitors
Senthilkumar, S. T., Selvan, R. K., & Melo, J. S. (2013) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c3ta11959a · Cited by 378
Activation of coal tar pitch carbon fibres: Physical activation vs. chemical activation
Maciá-Agulló, J. A., Moore, B. C., Cazorla-Amorós, D., & Linares-Solano, A. (2004) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.013 · Cited by 364
Gao, Q., Demarconnay, L., Raymundo-Piñero, E., & Béguin, F. (2012) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c2ee22284a · Cited by 340
Chen, L., Bai, H., Huang, Z., & Li, L. (2014) · Energy Environ. Sci. · doi:10.1039/c4ee00002a · Cited by 334
The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements
Schweitzer, G. K., & Pesterfield, L. L. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195393354.001.0001 · Cited by 330
A Stable Polyaniline‐Benzoquinone‐Hydroquinone Supercapacitor
Vonlanthen, D., Lazarev, P., See, K. A., Wudl, F., & Heeger, A. J. (2014) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201400966 · Cited by 253
Self-citationHigh‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Materials Prepared from Various Pollens
Zhang, L., Zhang, F., Yang, X., Leng, K., Huang, Y., & Chen, Y. (2013) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201202943 · Cited by 215
Spectroelectrochemical study of indirect reduction of triphosphopyridine nucleotide
Ito, M., & Kuwana, T. (1971) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(71)80144-4 · Cited by 134
Weinstein, L., & Dash, R. (2013) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2013.09.005 · Cited by 131
Yang, H.-H., & McCreery, R. L. (1999) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac9902392 · Cited by 92
Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals: Synonyms, Trade Names, and Properties
(2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471736627 · Cited by 58
Merrill, M. D., Montalvo, E., Campbell, P. G., Wang, Y., Stadermann, M., Baumann, T. F., Biener, J., & Worsley, M. A. (2014) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c4ra08114e · Cited by 33
Cited by
Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices: Recent Progress and Future Prospects
Zuo, W., Li, R., Zhou, C., Li, Y., Xia, J., & Liu, J. (2017) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201600539 · Cited by 1,637
Towards establishing standard performance metrics for batteries, supercapacitors and beyond
Noori, A., El-Kady, M. F., Rahmanifar, M. S., Kaner, R. B., & Mousavi, M. F. (2019) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c8cs00581h · Cited by 1,303
Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Cheng, X., Pan, J., Zhao, Y., Liao, M., & Peng, H. (2018) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201702184 · Cited by 1,020
Srimuk, P., Su, X., Yoon, J., Aurbach, D., & Presser, V. (2020) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-020-0193-1 · Cited by 665
Huang, J., Xie, Y., You, Y., Yuan, J., Xu, Q., Xie, H., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202213095 · Cited by 448
Metadata
- Authors
- Chun, S.-E., Evanko, B., Wang, X., Vonlanthen, D., Ji, X., Stucky, G. D., & Boettcher, S. W.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2015-08-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7818-7818
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1111595532
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 9.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
