What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors?
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion devices are pervasive in our daily lives. Batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors belong to the same family of energy conversion devices. They are all based on the fundamentals of electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics. All three are needed to service the wide energy requirements of various devices and systems. Neither batteries, fuel cells nor electrochemical capacitors, by themselves, can serve all applications.
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Lithium is a vital raw material for currently available lithium-ion batteries and prospective next-generation batteries such as lithium-air and lithium-sulphur.
“Lithium is a vital raw material for the build-up of both currently available lithium-ion batteries, and prospective next generation batteries such as lithium-air and lithium sulphur.”
From Lithium recovery from brines: A vital raw material for green energies with a potential environmental impact in its mining and processing (2018) · cites this paper as Winter and Brodd, 2004
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- Authors
- Winter, M., & Brodd, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Graz University of Technology (AT)
- Broddarp of Nevada, Inc., 2161 Fountain Springs Drive, Henderson, Nevada 89074
- ORCID
- Winter, Martin
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2004-09-28
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4245-4270
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W1989937017
- Cited by
- 7,389
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 245 · 2025: 299 · 2024: 384 · 2023: 420 · 2022: 420 · 2021: 445 · 2020: 476 · 2019: 570 · 2018: 536 · 2017: 572 · 2016: 552 · 2015: 536 · 2014: 510 · 2013: 402 · 2012: 292
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Keywords
- batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electrochemical energy conversion, electrochemical thermodynamics, electrochemical kinetics, energy storage
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