The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruff
Open accessAbstract
Terry Burke, Mark Blaxter, David Lank and colleagues report a reference genome sequence of the ruff and analysis of the three distinct male morphs of this bird species. They identify a ‘supergene’ consisting of a fixed inversion in two of the morphs and identify candidate reproductive trait genes in this region. Three strikingly different alternative male mating morphs (aggressive 'independents', semicooperative 'satellites' and female-mimic 'faeders') coexist as a balanced polymorphism in the ruff, Philomachus pugnax, a lek-breeding wading bird1,2,3. Major differences in body size, ornamentation, and aggressive and mating behaviors are inherited as an autosomal polymorphism4,5. We show that development into satellites and faeders is determined by a supergene6,7,8 consisting of divergent alternative, dominant and non-recombining haplotypes of an inversion on chromosome 11, which contains 125 predicted genes. Independents are homozygous for the ancestral sequence. One breakpoint of the inversion disrupts the essential CENP-N gene (encoding centromere protein N), and pedigree analysis confirms the lethality of homozygosity for the inversion. We describe new differences in behavior, testis size and steroid metabolism among morphs and identify polymorphic genes within the inversion that are likely to contribute to the differences among morphs in reproductive traits.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools
Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Abecasis, G., Durbin, R., & 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352 · Cited by 62,041
Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads
Martin, M. (2011) · EMBnet.journal · doi:10.14806/ej.17.1.200 · Cited by 33,889
RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome
Li, B., & Dewey, C. N. (2011) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-323 · Cited by 22,179
Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV): high-performance genomics data visualization and exploration
Thorvaldsdottir, H., Robinson, J. T., & Mesirov, J. P. (2013) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbs017 · Cited by 9,049
Versatile and open software for comparing large genomes
Kurtz, S., Phillippy, A., Delcher, A. L., Smoot, M., Shumway, M., Antonescu, C., & Salzberg, S. L. (2004) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-r12 · Cited by 5,254
GenABEL: an R library for genome-wide association analysis
Aulchenko, Y. S., Ripke, S., Isaacs, A., & van Duijn, C. M. (2007) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm108 · Cited by 1,836
Chromosomal rearrangements maintain a polymorphic supergene controlling butterfly mimicry
Joron, M., Frezal, L., Jones, R. T., Chamberlain, N. L., Lee, S. F., Haag, C. R., Whibley, A., Becuwe, M., Baxter, S. W., Ferguson, L., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10341 · Cited by 574
The role of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases
Mindnich, R., Möller, G., & Adamski, J. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2003.12.006 · Cited by 354
Cited by
SyRI: finding genomic rearrangements and local sequence differences from whole-genome assemblies
Goel, M., Sun, H., Jiao, W.-B., & Schneeberger, K. (2019) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-019-1911-0 · Cited by 1,045
The crucial role of genome-wide genetic variation in conservation
Kardos, M., Armstrong, E. E., Fitzpatrick, S. W., Hauser, S., Hedrick, P. W., Miller, J. M., Tallmon, D. A., & Funk, W. C. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2104642118 · Cited by 607
Making sense of genomic islands of differentiation in light of speciation
Wolf, J. B. W., & Ellegren, H. (2017) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.133 · Cited by 441
Sex-dependent dominance maintains migration supergene in rainbow trout
Pearse, D. E., Barson, N. J., Nome, T., Gao, G., Campbell, M. A., Abadía-Cardoso, A., Anderson, E. C., Rundio, D. E., Williams, T. H., Naish, K. A., et al. (2019) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-019-1044-6 · Cited by 317
Wright, A. E., Dean, R., Zimmer, F., & Mank, J. E. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12087 · Cited by 285
Metadata
- Authors
- Küpper, C., Stocks, M., Risse, J. E., dos Remedios, N., Farrell, L. L., McRae, S. B., Morgan, T. C., Karlionova, N., Pinchuk, P., Verkuil, Y. I., Kitaysky, A. S., Wingfield, J. C., Piersma, T., Zeng, K., Slate, J., Blaxter, M., Lank, D. B., & Burke, T.
- Venue
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2015-11-16
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 79-83
- ISSN
- 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1718
- OpenAlex
- W2210186672
- Cited by
- 535
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 49.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruff. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/ng.3443
- The paper
- Küpper, C., Stocks, M., Risse, J. E., dos Remedios, N., Farrell, L. L., McRae, S. B., Morgan, T. C., Karlionova, N., Pinchuk, P., Verkuil, Y. I., Kitaysky, A. S., Wingfield, J. C., Piersma, T., Zeng, K., Slate, J., Blaxter, M., Lank, D. B., & Burke, T. (2016). A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruff. Nature Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3443
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
