The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Substantial global carbon uptake by cement carbonation
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, the large amount of cement used in products to date, arguably renders recarbonation a sizeable global CO2 sink which is not yet fully accounted for in climate models and mitigation plans [12 -16].”
From Isotope chemistry to trace carbon mineralization in construction materials (2026) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Up to 16 Gt CO 2 was sequestered in human infrastructure as mineralized carbonates in cement between 1930 and 2013, with current rates 20,21 estimated to be around 1 Gt CO 2 yr -1 .”
From The technological and economic prospects for CO2 utilization and removal (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P. E., Kurz, W. A., Phillips, O. L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S. L., Canadell, J. G., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1201609 · Cited by 8,458
Self-citation2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Paustian, K. H., Ravindranath, N. H., & van Amstel, A. R. (2006) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 6,706
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-1224 · Cited by 3,067
Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., & Garrels, R. M. (1983) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 · Cited by 2,428
The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China
Piao, S. L., Fang, J., Ciais, P., Peylin, P., Huang, Y., Sitch, S. A., & Wang, T. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07944 · Cited by 1,750
Self-citationBiophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions
Smith, P., Davis, S. J., Creutzig, F., Fuss, S., Minx, J., Gabrielle, B., Kato, E., Jackson, R. B., Cowie, A., Kriegler, E., et al. (2016) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2870 · Cited by 1,440
Self-citationGLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL FOSSIL-FUEL CO2 EMISSIONS
Boden, T. A., Marland, G. H., & Andres, R. J. (2010) · Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) Datasets · doi:10.3334/cdiac/00001_v2010 · Cited by 1,007
Barcelo, L., Kline, J., Walenta, G., & Gartner, E. M. (2013) · Materials and Structures · doi:10.1617/s11527-013-0114-5 · Cited by 827
Papadakis, V. G. (2000) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(99)00249-5 · Cited by 713
Carbon capture and storage using alkaline industrial wastes
Bobicki, E. R., Liu, Q., Xu, Z., & Zeng, H. (2012) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2011.11.002 · Cited by 666
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Gajda, J. Absorption of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide by Portland Cement Concrete (Portland Cement Association, 2001).
- Pommer, K., Pade, C., Institut, D. T. & Centre, N. I. Guidelines: Uptake of Carbon Dioxide in the Life Cycle Inventory of Concrete (Nordic Innovation Centre, 2006).
- Zhou, H. Construction and Installation Engineering Budget Manual (China Machine Press, 2003).
- Huang, Z. & Zhao, J. Concrete Mix Proportion Quick Manual (China Building Industry, 2001).
- Pommer, K. & Pade, C. Guidelines: Uptake of Carbon Dioxide in the Life Cycle Inventory of Concrete (Nordic Innovation Centre, 2006).
- Klopfer, H. The carbonation of external concrete and how to combat it. Bautenschutz Bausanieruniz 3, 86–97 (1978).
- Browner, R. Design prediction of the life for reinforced concrete in marine and other chloride environments. Durability Build. Mater. 1, 113–125 (1982).
- Zhang, L. Carbonization delay coefficients research of concrete surface coverages [in Chinese]. J. Xi’an Inst. Metall. Const. Eng. 21, 34–40 (1989).
- Lu, W. Waste Recycling System Material Metabolism Analysis Model and Its Application PhD thesis, Univ. Tsinghua (2010).
- Winter, C. & Plank, J. The European dry-mix mortar industry (Part 1). ZKG Int. 60, 62–69 (2007).
- Sprung, S. & Kropp, J. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Vol. 9 (Wiley, 2010).
- Khanna, O. S. Characterization and Utilization of Cement Kiln Dusts (CKDs) as Partial Replacements of Portland Cement PhD thesis, Univ. Toronto (2009).
- Hawkins, G. J., Bhatty, J. I. & O’Hare, A. T. in Innovations in Portland Cement Manufacturing (eds Bhatty, J. I., Miller, F. M. & Kosmatka, S. H.) 735–779 (Portland Cement Association, 2004).
- Eggleston, S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T. & Tanabe, K. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2006).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., et al. (2020) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020 · Cited by 2,544
Self-citationThe technological and economic prospects for CO2 utilization and removal
Hepburn, C., Adlen, E., Beddington, J., Carter, E. A., Fuss, S., Mac Dowell, N., Minx, J. C., Smith, P., & Williams, C. K. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1681-6 · Cited by 2,523
Net-zero emissions energy systems
Davis, S. J., Lewis, N. S., Shaner, M., Aggarwal, S., Arent, D., Azevedo, I. L., Benson, S. M., Bradley, T., Brouwer, J., Chiang, Y.-M., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aas9793 · Cited by 2,391
Self-citationFriedlingstein, P., O’Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Quéré, C. L., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A. S., Peters, G. P., et al. (2022) · Earth system science data · doi:10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 · Cited by 2,167
Self-citationChallenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality in China
Liu, Z., Deng, Z., He, G., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Lin, J., Qi, Y., & Liang, X. (2021) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00244-x · Cited by 1,748
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Xi, F., Davis, S. J., Ciais, P., Crawford-Brown, D., Guan, D., Pade, C., Shi, T., Syddall, M., Lv, J., Ji, L., Bing, L., Wang, J., Wei, W., Yang, K.-H., Lagerblad, B., Galan, I., Andrade, C., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Z.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Danish Technological Institute (DK)
- Shenyang Jianzhu University (CN)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Shenyang Agricultural University (CN)
- Kyonggi University (KR)
- Instituto de Ciencias de La Construcción Eduardo Torroja (ES)
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (CN)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Zhu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Geoscience
- Published
- 2016-11-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 880-883
- ISSN
- 1752-0894 (ISSN-L)
- 1752-0908
- OpenAlex
- W2549155768
- Semantic Scholar
- 538c8d3d627c3445e263f2569a8762912cf89242
- Cited by
- 689
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 102 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 14
- FWCI
- 34.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Geoscience (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41473076, 41501605, 31100346, 51578344)
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/K006576/1, ES/L016028/1)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/N00714X/1)
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Keywords
- cement carbonation, CO2 sequestration, carbon sink, cement industry emissions, carbon cycle, concrete waste, demolition, emission inventory, process emissions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review