The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Potent inhibition of heterotopic ossification by nuclear retinoic acid receptor-γ agonists
Open accessAbstract
Heterotopic ossification consists of ectopic bone formation within soft tissues after surgery or trauma. It can have debilitating consequences, but there is no definitive cure. Here we show that heterotopic ossification was essentially prevented in mice receiving a nuclear retinoic acid receptor-γ (RAR-γ) agonist. Side effects were minimal, and there was no significant rebound effect. To uncover the mechanisms of these responses, we treated mouse mesenchymal stem cells with an RAR-γ agonist and transplanted them into nude mice. Whereas control cells formed ectopic bone masses, cells that had been pretreated with the RAR-γ agonist did not, suggesting that they had lost their skeletogenic potential. The cells became unresponsive to rBMP-2 treatment in vitro and showed decreases in phosphorylation of Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8 and in overall levels of Smad proteins. In addition, an RAR-γ agonist blocked heterotopic ossification in transgenic mice expressing activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2) Q207D, a constitutively active form of the receptor that is related to ALK2 R206H found in individuals with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. The data indicate that RAR-γ agonists are potent inhibitors of heterotopic ossification in mouse models and, thus, may also be effective against injury-induced and congenital heterotopic ossification in humans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Massagué, J. (1998) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.753 · Cited by 7,556
Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-β family signalling
Derynck, R., & Zhang, Y. E. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02006 · Cited by 5,373
Day, T. F., Guo, X., Garrett-Beal, L., & Yang, Y. (2005) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2005.03.016 · Cited by 1,616
Shore, E. M., Xu, M., Feldman, G. J., Fenstermacher, D. A., Cho, T.-J., Choi, I. H., Connor, J. M., Delai, P., Glaser, D. L., LeMerrer, M., et al. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1783 · Cited by 1,215
The retinoids—Biology, chemistry and medicine
(1996) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(97)80793-5 · Cited by 1,178
Korchynskyi, O., & ten Dijke, P. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111023200 · Cited by 881
BMP type I receptor inhibition reduces heterotopic ossification
Yu, P. B., Deng, D. Y., Lai, C. S., Hong, C. C., Cuny, G. D., Bouxsein, M. L., Hong, D. W., McManus, P. M., Katagiri, T., Sachidanandan, C., et al. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.1888 · Cited by 634
Self-citationHeterotopic ossification: A review
Vanden Bossche, L., & Vanderstraeten, G. (2005) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/16501970510027628 · Cited by 448
A Clinical Perspective on Common Forms of Acquired Heterotopic Ossification
GARLAND, D. E. (1991) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-199102000-00003 · Cited by 447
Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification: Lessons Learned From The Aorta
Shao, J.-S., Cai, J., & Towler, D. A. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000220441.42041.20 · Cited by 348
Cited by
Wu, M., Wu, S., Chen, W., & Li, Y.-P. (2024) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-023-00918-9 · Cited by 445
Emerging roles for retinoids in regeneration and differentiation in normal and disease states
Gudas, L. J. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.002 · Cited by 158
Transferrin receptor 2 controls bone mass and pathological bone formation via BMP and Wnt signalling
Rauner, M., Baschant, U., Roetto, A., Pellegrino, R. M., Rother, S., Salbach-Hirsch, J., Weidner, H., Hintze, V., Campbell, G., Petzold, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-018-0005-8 · Cited by 87
Metadata
- Authors
- Shimono, K., Tung, W.-E., Macolino, C., Chi, A. H.-T., Didizian, J. H., Mundy, C., Chandraratna, R. A., Mishina, Y., Enomoto-Iwamoto, M., Pacifici, M., & Iwamoto, M.
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 454-460
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- OpenAlex
- W2088295232
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 11.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Potent inhibition of heterotopic ossification by nuclear retinoic acid receptor-γ agonists. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nm.2334
- The paper
- Shimono, K., Tung, W.-E., Macolino, C., Chi, A. H.-T., Didizian, J. H., Mundy, C., Chandraratna, R. A., Mishina, Y., Enomoto-Iwamoto, M., Pacifici, M., & Iwamoto, M. (2011). Potent inhibition of heterotopic ossification by nuclear retinoic acid receptor-γ agonists. Nature Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2334
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
