The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Quasi-ballistic thermal transport from nanoscale interfaces observed using ultrafast coherent soft X-ray beams
Abstract
Fourier theory of thermal transport considers heat transport as a diffusive process where energy flow is driven by a temperature gradient. However, this is not valid at length scales smaller than the mean free path for the energy carriers in a material, which can be hundreds of nanometres in crystalline materials at room temperature. In this case, heat flow will become 'ballistic'--driven by direct point-to-point transport of energy quanta. Past experiments have demonstrated size-dependent ballistic thermal transport through nanostructures such as thin films, superlattices, nanowires and carbon nanotubes. The Fourier law should also break down in the case of heat dissipation from a nanoscale heat source into the bulk. However, despite considerable theoretical discussion and direct application to thermal management in nanoelectronics, nano-enabled energy systems and nanomedicine, this non-Fourier heat dissipation has not been experimentally observed so far. Here, we report the first observation and quantitative measurements of this transition from diffusive to ballistic thermal transport from a nanoscale hotspot, finding a significant (as much as three times) decrease in energy transport away from the nanoscale heat source compared with Fourier-law predictions.
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“Further studies using TDTR have equated l* to the laser spot size on Si3 and the dimensions of nano-patterned heaters on sapphire26.”
From Universal phonon mean free path spectra in crystalline semiconductors at high temperature (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“This technique has recently been further developed over the last few years for measuring anisotropic thermal conductivity of thin films [97][98][99] and probing spectral phonon transport [100-103].”
From Measurement Techniques for Thermal Conductivity and Interfacial Thermal Conductance of Bulk and Thin Film Materials (2016) · cites this paper as [99]
In the citing paper
“A low thermal conductivity substrate can be used to further improve the sensitivity to the in-plane thermal conductivity of the thin film [97,99,116].”
From Measurement Techniques for Thermal Conductivity and Interfacial Thermal Conductance of Bulk and Thin Film Materials (2016) · cites this paper as [99]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Siemens, M. E., Li, Q., Yang, R., Nelson, K. A., Anderson, E. H., Murnane, M. M., & Kapteyn, H. C.
- Affiliations
- Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Siemens, Mark E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Materials
- Published
- 2009-11-08
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 26-30
- ISSN
- 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4660
- OpenAlex
- W2165930865
- Cited by
- 443
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 8.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
- Keywords
- ballistic thermal transport, nanoscale interfaces, non-Fourier heat conduction, nanoscale thermal management
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