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Cited by 1,763Thermal properties of materialsThermal Radiation and Cooling TechnologiesThermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena

Nanoscale thermal transport. II. 2003–2012

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Cahill, David G., Braun, Paul V., Chen, Gang, Clarke, David R., Fan, Shanhui, Goodson, Kenneth E., Keblinski, Pawel, King, William P. +6 more·2014·Applied Physics Reviews
DOI 10.1063/1.4832615
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Abstract

A diverse spectrum of technology drivers such as improved thermal barriers, higher efficiency thermoelectric energy conversion, phase-change memory, heat-assisted magnetic recording, thermal management of nanoscale electronics, and nanoparticles for thermal medical therapies are motivating studies of the applied physics of thermal transport at the nanoscale.This review emphasizes developments in experiment, theory, and computation in the past ten years and summarizes the present status of the field.Interfaces become increasingly important on small length scales.Research during the past decade has extended studies of interfaces between simple metals and inorganic crystals to interfaces with molecular materials and liquids with systematic control of interface chemistry and physics.At separations on the order of $1 nm, the science of radiative transport through nanoscale gaps overlaps with thermal conduction by the coupling of electronic and vibrational excitations across weakly bonded or rough interfaces between materials.Major advances in the physics of phonons include first principles calculation of the phonon lifetimes of simple crystals and application of the predicted scattering rates in parameter-free calculations of the thermal conductivity.Progress in the control of thermal transport at the nanoscale is critical to continued advances in the density of information that can be stored in phase change memory devices and new generations of magnetic storage that will use highly localized heat sources to reduce the coercivity of magnetic media.Ultralow thermal conductivity-thermal conductivity below the conventionally predicted minimum thermal conductivity-has been observed in nanolaminates and disordered crystals with strong anisotropy.Advances in metrology by time-domain thermoreflectance have made measurements of the thermal conductivity of a thin layer with micron-scale spatial resolution relatively routine.Scanning thermal microscopy and thermal analysis using proximal probes has achieved spatial resolution of 10 nm, temperature precision of 50 mK, sensitivity to heat flows of 10 pW, and the capability for thermal analysis of sub-femtogram samples.

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  • The spatial separation approach for suppressing the reflected pump beam works well for optically smooth samples with surface roughness <15 nm.

    “This approach has the merit of simple configuration and works well for optically smooth samples with surface roughness <15 nm. 12”

    From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [12]

    The Implementation section identifies spatial separation with an aperture as a way to suppress the reflected pump beam. The Limitations section gives <15 nm rms roughness as an approximate rule of thumb for TDTR measurements generally, not a performance threshold specifically established for spatial separation. The source also does not describe that approach as having a simple configuration. Page numbers were not provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • TDTR is often used to measure the through-plane thermal conductivity Kz of the sample and the transducer/sample interface conductance G without much elaboration.

    “Therefore, TDTR is often used to measure the through-plane thermal conductivity Kz of the sample and the transducer/sample interface conductance G without much elaboration.”

    From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors
Cahill, D. G., Braun, P. V., Chen, G., Clarke, D. R., Fan, S., Goodson, K. E., Keblinski, P., King, W. P., Mahan, G. D., Majumdar, A., Maris, H. J., Phillpot, S. R., Pop, E., & Shi, L.
Affiliations
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
  • IIT@MIT (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
  • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (US)
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • Brown University (US)
  • University of Florida (US)
  • The University of Texas System (US)
ORCID
Venue
Applied Physics Reviews
Publisher
AIP Publishing
Published
2014-03
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
011305
ISSN
1931-9401 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1063/1.4832615
OpenAlex
W2166475097
Cited by
1,763
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 141 · 2025: 154 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 143 · 2020: 165 · 2019: 157 · 2018: 186 · 2017: 150 · 2016: 138 · 2015: 140 · 2014: 39
FWCI
70.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Applied Physics Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
Keywords
nanoscale heat transfer, thermal conductivity, phonon lifetime, phonon scattering, molecular materials, liquid interfaces, radiative transfer, nanoscale gaps, ultralow thermal conductivity, nanolaminates, disordered crystals, anisotropic thermal conductivity, time-domain thermoreflectance, scanning thermal microscopy, phase-change memory, heat-assisted magnetic recording, thermoelectric conversion

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