The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input
Open accessAbstract
After complete spinal cord transections that removed all supraspinal inputs in adult rats, combinations of serotonergic agonists and epidural electrical stimulation were able to acutely transform spinal networks from nonfunctional to highly functional and adaptive states as early as 1 week after injury. Using kinematics, physiological and anatomical analyses, we found that these interventions could recruit specific populations of spinal circuits, refine their control via sensory input and functionally remodel these locomotor pathways when combined with training. The emergence of these new functional states enabled full weight-bearing treadmill locomotion in paralyzed rats that was almost indistinguishable from voluntary stepping. We propose that, in the absence of supraspinal input, spinal locomotion can emerge from a combination of central pattern-generating capability and the ability of these spinal circuits to use sensory afferent input to control stepping. These findings provide a strategy by which individuals with spinal cord injuries could regain substantial levels of motor control.
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“Whereas the neurons located in the lumbar spinal cord are not directly damaged by the injury, the depletion of essential supraspinal commands renders them nonfunctional4.”
From The neurons that restore walking after paralysis (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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Cites
Dynamic Sensorimotor Interactions in Locomotion
Rossignol, S., Dubuc, R., & Gossard, J.-P. (2006) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2005 · Cited by 1,096
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Biological Pattern Generation: The Cellular and Computational Logic of Networks in Motion
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LOCOMOTOR CIRCUITS IN THE MAMMALIAN SPINAL CORD
Kiehn, O. (2006) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112910 · Cited by 868
Evidence for a Spinal Central Pattern Generator in Humans a
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Self-citationCourtine, G., Song, B., Roy, R. R., Zhong, H., Herrmann, J. E., Ao, Y., Qi, J., Edgerton, V. R., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1682 · Cited by 730
Self-citationHuman Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Interprets Loading During Stepping
Harkema, S. J., Hurley, S. L., Patel, U. K., Requejo, P. S., Dobkin, B. H., & Edgerton, V. R. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.797 · Cited by 604
Self-citationConvergent force fields organized in the frog's spinal cord
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Courtine, G., Bunge, M. B., Fawcett, J. W., Grossman, R. G., Kaas, J. H., Lemon, R., Maier, I. C., Martin, J. H., Nudo, R. J., Ramón‐Cueto, A., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1595 · Cited by 392
Self-citationGenerating the walking gait: role of sensory feedback
Pearson, K. G. (2004) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43012-4 · Cited by 358
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Harkema, S., Gerasimenko, Y., Hodes, J., Burdick, J., Angeli, C., Chen, Y., Ferreira, C., Willhite, A., Rejc, E., Grossman, R. G., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60547-3 · Cited by 1,229
Self-citationElectronic dura mater for long-term multimodal neural interfaces
Minev, I. R., Musienko, P., Hirsch, A., Barraud, Q., Wenger, N., Moraud, E. M., Gandar, J., Capogrosso, M., Milekovic, T., Asboth, L., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260318 · Cited by 1,082
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Squair, J. W., Gautier, M., Kathe, C., Anderson, M. A., James, N. D., Hutson, T. H., Hudelle, R., Qaiser, T., Matson, K. J. E., Barraud, Q., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.12.435024 · Cited by 1,086
Self-citationRestoring Voluntary Control of Locomotion after Paralyzing Spinal Cord Injury
van den Brand, R., Heutschi, J., Barraud, Q., DiGiovanna, J., Bartholdi, K., Huerlimann, M., Friedli, L., Vollenweider, I., Moraud, E. M., Duis, S., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1217416 · Cited by 767
Self-citationMaterials and technologies for soft implantable neuroprostheses
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Metadata
- Authors
- Courtine, G., Gerasimenko, Y., van den Brand, R., Yew, A., Musienko, P., Zhong, H., Song, B., Ao, Y., Ichiyama, R. M., Lavrov, I., Roy, R. R., Sofroniew, M. V., & Edgerton, V. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Courtine, Grégoire
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-09-20
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1333-1342
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC2828944
- OpenAlex
- W1987284219
- Cited by
- 706
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 30.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Dana Foundation
- Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-16333, P01NS016333)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB007615)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- spinal cord injury, spinal locomotor circuits, central pattern generator, serotonergic agonists, epidural stimulation, treadmill training, locomotor recovery, spinal cord transection
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Electric Stimulation, Electromyography, Female, Gait, Hindlimb, Locomotion, Motor Activity, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Quipazine, Reflex, Spinal Cord Injuries, Time Factors, Oncogene Proteins v-fos, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, Muscle, Skeletal, Recovery of Function, Principal Component Analysis, Rats
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