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Activity-dependent regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons
Abstract
Neural activity regulates the number and properties of GABAergic synapses in the brain, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are unclear. We found that blocking spike activity globally in developing hippocampal neurons from rats reduced the density of GABAergic terminals as well as the frequency and amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). Chronic inactivity later in development led to a reduction in the mIPSC amplitude, without any change in GABAergic synapse density. By contrast, hyperpolarizing or abolishing spike activity in single neurons did not alter GABAergic synaptic inputs. Suppressing activity in individual presynaptic GABAergic neurons also failed to decrease synaptic output. Our results indicate that GABAergic synapses are regulated by the level of activity in surrounding neurons. Notably, we found that the expression of GABAergic plasticity involves changes in the amount of neurotransmitter in individual vesicles.
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“Consistent with the idea that inhibitory scaling might result from release of a secreted factor during changes in network activity, scaling of inhibitory synapses cannot be induced by hyperpolarization of individual presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons (Hartman et al. 2006).”
From Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function (2012) · cites this paper as Hartman et al. 2006
In the citing paper
“Interestingly, both in vitro and in vivo studies have documented that homeostatic regulation of inhibition involves coordinated changes in postsynaptic strength, synapse number, and likely presynaptic release probability (Kilman et al. 2002;Maffei et al. 2004;Hartman et al. 2006).”
From Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function (2012) · cites this paper as Hartman et al. 2006
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Wenner, P. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.058 · Cited by 32
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BackgroundGABA and Glutamate: Their Transmitter Role in the CNS and Pancreatic Islets
Hampe, C. S., Mitoma, H., & Manto, M. U. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.70958 · Cited by 38
“Blocking neuronal activity in developing neurons decreases the density of inhibitory synapses, confirming an activity-dependent development [10, 11].”
BackgroundHomeostatic Competition between Phasic and Tonic Inhibition
Wu, X., Huang, L., Wu, Z., Zhang, C., Jiang, D., Bai, Y., Wang, Y., & Chen, G. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.491464 · Cited by 31
The Auxiliary Subunit KChIP2 Is an Essential Regulator of Homeostatic Excitability
Wang, H., He, X. P., Li, Q., Madison, R. D., Moore, S. D., McNamara, J. O., & Pitt, G. S. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.434548 · Cited by 30
Effects of phosphorylation and neuronal activity on the control of synapse formation by synapsin I
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“Moreover, our data are consistent with the observation that blockade of spiking activity reduced the density of GABAergic terminals in developing hippocampal neurons, but did not cause any change in GABAergic synapse density later in development (Hartman et al., 2006).”
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“These data are in agreement with earlier findings in cultures (Rutherford et al., 1997; Kilman et al., 2002; Hartman et al., 2006; Swanwick et al., 2006; Kuriu et al., 2012), where it was shown that long-term activity manipulations induces changes in the strength of inhibitory synapses without…”
BackgroundResultAn integrated measure of GABA to characterize post-stroke plasticity
Paparella, I., Vandewalle, G., Stagg, C. J., & Maquet, P. (2023) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103463 · Cited by 30
“Competitive Hebbian learning through spiketiming-dependent synaptic plasticity. Nature Neuroscience, 3(9), 919–926. Sparta, D. R., Hovelsø, N., Mason, A. O., Kantak, P. A., Ung, R. L., Decot, H. K., & Stuber, G. D. (2014). Activation of prefrontal cortical parvalbumin interneurons facilitates extinction of reward-seek…”
BackgroundInfluentialActivity- and sleep-dependent regulation of tonic inhibition by Shisa7
Wu, K., Han, W., Tian, Q., Li, Y., & Lü, W. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108899 · Cited by 34
“Both excitatory and inhibitory synapses have been shown to be capable of undergoing homeostatic regulation in response to chronic changes of neuronal network activity (Hartman et al., 2006; Kilman et al., 2002; Turrigiano et al., 1998; Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004).”
Glutamatergic Innervation onto Striatal Neurons Potentiates GABAergic Synaptic Output
Paraskevopoulou, F., Herman, M. A., & Rosenmund, C. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2630-18.2019 · Cited by 31
“We know from previous studies that excitation and activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors regulate GABAergic synapse formation in interneurons (Hartman et al., 2006; Chang et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultBarrows, C. M. L., McCabe, M. P., Chen, H., Swann, J. W., & Weston, M. C. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0878-17.2017 · Cited by 31
“Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in each pair were identified based on VGLUT1 and VGAT expression, respectively, at the cell soma (Hartman et al., 2006; Chang et al., 2014).”
MethodHanno-Iijima, Y., Tanaka, M., & Iijima, T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134296 · Cited by 30
“Activity deprivation leads to reductions in both the amplitude and frequency of mIPSCs in a homeostatic manner [4] [23], suggesting that neuronal activity regulates the quantal level of inhibitory synaptic transmission in a homeostatic fashion.”
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“…role in the shortening of mEPSC interevent intervals demonstrated in Figure 1, because a majority of hippocampal neurons and nerve terminals in culture are glutamatergic (Benson et al., 1994; Hartman et al., 2006), as is also the case in situ (Jinno and Kosaka, 2010; Megias et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInvestigation of Synapse Formation and Function in a Glutamatergic-GABAergic Two-Neuron Microcircuit
Chang, C.-L., Trimbuch, T., Chao, H., Jordan, J.-C., Herman, M. A., & Rosenmund, C. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0229-13.2014 · Cited by 30
“One possible mechanism may involve increased neuronal activity, because this has been found to modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse formation in mass culture preparations (Burrone et al., 2002; Hartman et al., 2006).”
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“somata and dendrites of neurons (Chattopadhyaya et al., 2007; Hartman et al., 2006; Harms and Craig, 2005; Kilman et al., 2002).”
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“The basal recording noise was subtracted prior to conducting NSNA (Cohen et al., 2000; Hartman et al., 2006; Kilman et al., 2002).”
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REST/NRSF drives homeostatic plasticity of inhibitory synapses in a target-dependent fashion
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GABA Expression and Regulation by Sensory Experience in the Developing Visual System
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Activity-dependent development of GABAergic synapses
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“1 overexpression has been shown to dampen excitability in several neuronal subtypes both in vitro [108,109] and in vivo [110].”
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Excitability governs neural development in a hippocampal region specific manner
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“Global activity suppression regulates inhibitory synaptic transmission, whereas cell-autonomous suppression does not (Hartman et al., 2006).”
BackgroundFunctional adaptation of cortical interneurons to attenuated activity is subtype-specific
Karayannis, T., García, N. V. D. M., & Fishell, G. (2012) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2012.00066 · Cited by 20
“…in the number of post-synaptic GABAA receptors, whereas the latter is mediated through the release of BDNF, a well-known retrograde signal, which leads to an up-regulation of inhibitory input by acting on the presynaptic side (Hartman et al., 2006; Peng et al., 2010; Rannals and Kapur, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialKuriu, T., Yanagawa, Y., & Konishi, S. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2011.11.002 · Cited by 20
Shisa7 phosphorylation regulates GABAergic transmission and neurodevelopmental behaviors
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“In addition to iLTP, other forms of plasticity including iLTD and homeostatic plasticity have been identified at inhibitory synapses (Castillo et al., 2011; Chiu et al., 2019; Hartman et al., 2006; Kilman and Van Rossum, 2002).”
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“In addition to the modulation of excitatory synapses, altered neuronal activity can produce changes in inhibitory synaptic function (Hartman et al., 2006; Kilman et al., 2002; Pribiag et al., 2014).”
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“Alternatively, it could be secondary to the reduction of GABA, which causes a homeostatic increase in its GABABR levels (Hartman et al. 2006).”
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“We compared the block of autaptic IPSCs by high- and low-affinity GABAA receptor competitive antagonists (gabazine and TPMPA, respectively) at 2 and 10 mM Ca 2 in the same neuron (Hartman et al., 2006).”
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Homeostasis of a representational map in the neocortex
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Mechanisms underlying homeostatic plasticity in the Drosophila mushroom body in vivo
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“Note that we do not exclude the possibility of decreased synaptic inhibition from APL to KCs (mechanism 5); such weakening of inhibition onto excitatory neurons commonly occurs in response to neuronal inactivity (7, 8, 11, 73).”
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Homeostatic Plasticity in the Nervous System
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Molecular Diversity of Glutamatergic and GABAergic Synapses from Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging
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“It is well known that homeostatic plasticity regulates the relative strength of excitatory and inhibitory synapses to keep relatively stable firing rates of neurons by increasing synaptic levels of proteins that regulate excitatory signaling (Turrigiano et al., 1998; Turrigiano and Nelson, 2000, 2004; Liu, 2004; Hartm…”
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“Miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were isolated by blocking excitatory synaptic transmission using D-APV (D-2-amino-5phosphonovaleric acid, 50 lM; Sigma-Aldrich), an NMDA receptor blocker; CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3dione, 25 lM; Sigma-Aldrich), a non-NMDA receptor blocker; and action potent…”
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Activity-dependent adaptations in inhibitory axons
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Aberrant expression of S-SCAM causes the loss of GABAergic synapses in hippocampal neurons
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Premature birth, homeostatic plasticity and respiratory consequences of inflammation.
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Neuronal Activity at Synapse Resolution: Reporters and Effectors for Synaptic Neuroscience
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“(Fagiolini et al., 1994; Hartman et al., 2006; Chiu et al., 2019), which can shape excitatory transmission (Lin et al.”
BackgroundThe effect of traumatic brain injury on learning and memory: A synaptic focus
Eyolfson, E., Suesser, K. R. B., Henry, H., Río, I. B., Grandes, P., Mychasiuk, R., & Christie, B. R. (2024) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584241275583 · Cited by 13
Specific Sets of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Drive Excitatory and Inhibitory Circuit Formation
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“For instance, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (iPSPs) have been shown to decrease when global, but not single neuron, spiking activity is suppressed (Hartman et al. 2006, Peng et al. 2010).”
BackgroundReduced neurosteroid potentiation of GABAA receptors in epilepsy and depolarized hippocampal neurons
Joshi, S., Roden, W. H., Kapur, J., & Jansen, L. A. (2020) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51023 · Cited by 27
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Deletion of TrkB in parvalbumin interneurons alters cortical neural dynamics
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“…in the BDNF‐ TrkB signaling pathway could be glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), a GABA‐synthesizing enzyme that has been implicated in synaptic plasticity and dysfunction (Hartman et al., 2006; Hashimoto et al., 2005; Lau & Murthy, 2012; Lazarus et al., 2013; Sánchez‐ Huertas & Rico, 2011).”
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“Disruptions in this axis can lead to infertility, which is estimated to affect up to one in six couples (Hartman et al., 2006; Thoma et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSemaphorin 4D promotes inhibitory synapse formation and suppresses seizures in vivo
Acker, D., Wong, I., Kang, M., & Paradis, S. (2018) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.14429 · Cited by 10
Kuhlmann, N., Valladolid, M. W., Quesada-Ramírez, L., Farrer, M. J., & Milnerwood, A. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.569031 · Cited by 14
Wang, X., Wang, Q., Yang, S., Bućan, M., Rich, M. M., & Engisch, K. L. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5278-10.2011 · Cited by 17
“Studies in neuronal cultures have shown homeostatic changes in the levels of vesicular transporters (De Gois et al., 2005; Wilson et al., 2005; Hartman et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialGamlin, C. R., Schneider-Mizell, C. M., Mallory, M., Elabbady, L., Gouwens, N. W., Williams, G., Mukora, A., Dalley, R. A., Bodor, Á. L., Brittain, D., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533857 · Cited by 11
The Structural E/I Balance Constrains the Early Development of Cortical Network Activity
Xing, W., de Lima, A. D., & Voigt, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.687306 · Cited by 10
Synaptic plasticity onto inhibitory neurons as a mechanism for ocular dominance plasticity
Bono, J., & Clopath, C. (2019) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006834 · Cited by 8
Exploring the Role of CaMKIV in Homeostatic Plasticity
Bleier, J., & Toliver, A. A. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2599-17.2017 · Cited by 9
“As Joseph and Turrigiano (2017) mention, whether previous studies achieved cell-autonomous inhibitory synaptic scaling depended highly on the particular experimental setup and manipulations (Hartman et al., 2006; Peng et al., 2010; Xue et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSaiepour, M. H., Chakravarthy, S., Min, R., & Levelt, C. N. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu245 · Cited by 7
“Earlier studies in hippocampal cultures have shown similar processes during network development (Burrone et al. 2002; Hartman et al. 2006).”
Unsupervised Restoration of a Complex Learned Behavior After Large-Scale Neuronal Perturbation
Wang, B., Torok, Z., Duffy, A., Bell, D., Wongso, S., Velho, T., Fairhall, A., & Lois, C. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507372 · Cited by 6
Flexible neural connectivity under constraints on total connection strengthPreprint
Ocker, G. K., & Buice, M. A. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/603027
“Pyramidal neurons of the cortex and hippocampus undergo synaptic scaling, regulating their total excitatory [16,20,21,53] and inhibitory [23,30,33,39,54] synaptic input strengths to regulate postsynaptic activity levels [26].”
BackgroundBertsche, A., Bruehl, C., Pietz, J., & Draguhn, A. (2009) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.10.006 · Cited by 9
The Role of Glutamate Transporters in Synaptic Transmission
Bergles, D. E., & Edwards, R. H. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77232-5_2 · Cited by 7
Holford, T. W., Letourneau, K. N., Von-Walter, C., Moncaleano, D., Loomis, C. L., & Bolton, M. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1597131 · Cited by 5
Unsupervised restoration of a complex learned behavior after large-scale neuronal perturbation
Wang, B., Török, Z., Duffy, A., Bell, D., Wongso, S., Velho, T., Fairhall, A. L., & Lois, C. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01630-6 · Cited by 11
“We therefore hypothesized that silent neurons may be recruited into the sequence through a form of homeostasis that is sensitive to the activity of the population, for which there is an emerging body of support 34–37 .”
Orduz, D., Boom, A., Gall, D., Brion, J., Schiffmann, S. N., & Schwaller, B. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00364 · Cited by 6
“…hippocampal neurons during the period of rapid synaptogenesis in vitro, the blocking of spike activity by tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduces the density of inhibitory synapses, both onto glutamatergic and GABAergic target neurons, without affecting density of glutamatergic synapses (Hartman et al., 2006).”
BackgroundGonzalez-Islas, C. E., Sabra, Z., Fong, M.-F., Yilmam, P., Yong, N. A., Engisch, K., & Wenner, P. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531789 · Cited by 4
“In addition, these homeostatic GABAergic responses precede and can outlast compensatory changes in the glutamatergic system.”
BackgroundLee, S. E., & Lee, G. H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22147510 · Cited by 5
Differential regulation of apical–basolateral dendrite outgrowth by activity in hippocampal neurons
Yuan, Y., Seong, E., Yuan, L., Singh, D., & Arikkath, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00314 · Cited by 4
“1 (Hartman et al., 2006) in developing neurons.”
Deng, R., Chang, M., Kao, J. P. Y., & Kanold, P. O. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-27536-0 · Cited by 3
Neural oligarchy: how synaptic plasticity breeds neurons with extreme influencePreprint
Kleberg, F. I., & Triesch, J. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/361394 · Cited by 23
“Although there exists evidence for SN in 119 glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses [27,28,43] as well as slow scaling [9, 45] within 120 dendritic branches [46], we make the assumption that the SN in these synapses is fast, 121 and that the homeostatic change depends on the weight in a multiplicative fashion [44].”
BackgroundMethodInteractions between homeostatic plasticity and statistical learning: A role for inhibition
Galliano, E., & Keck, T. (2025) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2025.103065 · Cited by 2
“Additionally, the excitatory and inhibitory synapses onto inhibitory neurons themselves can change as a result of changes to sensory input [13–15], which could also alter inhibitory cell activity due to increases or decreases in synaptic drive.”
Kim, B., Kim, H., Woo, J., Lee, H., Kim, T. K., Min, H., Lee, C. J., & Im, H. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202402274 · Cited by 2
Erickson, J. D., Kyllo, T., & Wulff, H. (2023) · Current Research in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100109 · Cited by 3
“…Gois et al. 2005), homeostatically regulated in mature neurons by long-term ( > 24h) changes in activity (Wilson et al. 2005; De Gois et al. 2005; Hartman et al. 2006; Wierenga et al. 2006, Han and Stevens, 2009; Erickson et al. 2006), and they are required to support presynaptic glutamate and…”
BackgroundMosleh, M., Javan, M., & Fathollahi, Y. (2023) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.03.013 · Cited by 2
Zheng, L., Duan, X., Huang, W., Luo, Y., Wu, Y., Lin, Q., Wu, X., Han, L., & Shen, W. (2026) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09507-5 · Cited by 1
“Further exploration of inhibitory synapses 53,102 and excitation-inhibitionbalance 3,68 undervaryingsensoryconditionsmayyield deeper insights into neural plasticity and circuit stabilization 14 .”
Soldado-Magraner, S., Laje, R., & Buonomano, D. V. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.30.424888 · Cited by 1
The plasticity of inhibitory synapses as a factor of long-term modifications
Kudryashova, I. V. (2015) · Neurochemical Journal · doi:10.1134/s1819712415030058 · Cited by 3
Electrophysiological Methods for Investigating Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity
Woodin, M. (2013) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-517-0_10 · Cited by 1
Kang, J., & Delahanty, A. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2025.1671331 · Cited by 1
“Thus, GABA signaling is crucial for the establishment of synaptic contact and the regulation of neuronal activity (Hartman et al., 2006).”
Koesters, A. G., Rich, M. M., & Engisch, K. L. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90261
“Another way to increase the presynaptic quantum is to increase levels of the transmitter transporter ( Daniels et al., 2004 ; De Gois et al., 2005 ; Wilson et al., 2005 ; Hartman et al., 2006 ).”
Kosche, G., Fratzl, A., Munz, M., & Roska, B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.13.672380
Dubes, S. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/275d3182za2b9z4513z9941z62d044306e33
“…avoisinants μ on parle donc de plasticité homéostatique non-cellule autonome et l’homéostasie se définit davantage à l’échelle du réseau de neurones (Hartman et al., 2006). c) Site d’expression : global versus local et présynaptique versus postsynaptique La plasticité homéostatique n’est pas…”
He, H.-Y., Shen, W.-H., Zheng, L.-J., Guo, X., & Cline, H. (2017) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/240176
Homeostatic Synaptic Scaling at Central Synapses
Desai, N. S., & Walcott, E. C. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199322299.003.0007
Effect of TTX suppression of hippocampal activity following status epilepticus
Zhao, Q., Raghavendra, M., & Holmes, G. L. (2008) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2008.04.004 · Cited by 1
Fast flies take a quantum leap.
Daniels, R. W., & Diantonio, A. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.05.011
“Recent work in cultured neurons demonstrates that changes in network activity levels can lead to homeostatic changes in the presynaptic filling of both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses (Hartman et al., 2006; Wilson et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMolecular Players in Preserving Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance in the Brain
Mao, W. (2017) · doi:10.13028/m2b69q
“As for inhibitory synapses onto excitatory neurons, the inhibitory synaptic strength is reduced by activity blockade and increased by activity elevation (Hartman et al., 2006; Kilman et al., 2002; Swanwick et al., 2006).”
BackgroundStructural Plasticity and the Generation of Bidirectional Connectivity
Miner, D. C., Hoffmann, F. Z., Kleberg, F. I., & Triesch, J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803784-3.00011-1
Barbagallo, B. (2014) · eScholarship@UMassChan · doi:10.13028/m2jw2t
“164 size (Hartman et al., 2006).”
Gilani, A. (2014) · doi:10.7916/d8m906r2
“mIPSC frequency is a close approximation of the density of GABAergic synapse on pyramidal cells in organotypic cultures (Hartman et al., 2006; Swanwick et al., 2006).”
BackgroundPfeffer, C. K., & Hübner, C. A. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397266-8.00191-5
Optical analysis of synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus
Zhang, Y. (2008) · edoc (University of Basel) · doi:10.5451/unibas-004414662
Metadata
- Authors
- Hartman, K. N., Pal, S. K., Burrone, J., & Murthy, V. N.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Murthy, Venkatesh N
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-04-02
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 642-649
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2156087438
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, GABAergic synapses, synaptic inhibition, miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, hippocampal neurons, synaptic density, presynaptic inhibition, neuronal activity regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Carrier Proteins, Cells, Cultured, Drug Interactions, Electric Stimulation, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Hippocampus, Isoenzymes, Membrane Potentials, Membrane Proteins, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Neural Inhibition, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Phosphinic Acids, Pyridines, Tetrodotoxin, Transfection, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1, Rats
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