Cited by 1,287Nanoplatforms for cancer theranosticsCarbon Nanotubes in CompositesOptical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A route to brightly fluorescent carbon nanotubes for near-infrared imaging in mice

Open access

Abstract

The near-infrared photoluminescence intrinsic to semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes is ideal for biological imaging owing to the low autofluorescence and deep tissue penetration in the near-infrared region beyond 1 microm. However, biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes with high quantum yield have been elusive. Here, we show that sonicating single-walled carbon nanotubes with sodium cholate, followed by surfactant exchange to form phospholipid-polyethylene glycol coated nanotubes, produces in vivo imaging agents that are both bright and biocompatible. The exchange procedure is better than directly sonicating the tubes with the phospholipid-polyethylene glycol, because it results in less damage to the nanotubes and improves the quantum yield. We show whole-animal in vivo imaging using an InGaAs camera in the 1-1.7 microm spectral range by detecting the intrinsic near-infrared photoluminescence of the 'exchange' single-walled carbon nanotubes at a low dose (17 mg l(-1) injected dose). The deep tissue penetration and low autofluorescence background allowed high-resolution intravital microscopy imaging of tumour vessels beneath thick skin.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nnano.2009.294

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 30 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,000

Metadata

Authors
Welsher, K., Liu, Z., Sherlock, S. P., Robinson, J. T., Chen, Z., Daranciang, D., & Dai, H.
Affiliations
  • Stanford University (US)
  • Soochow University (CN)
Corresponding author
Dai, Hongjie
Venue
Nature Nanotechnology
Published
2009-10-11
Volume
4
Issue
11
Pages
773-780
ISSN
  • 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
  • 1748-3395
OpenAlex
W2079625753
Cited by
1,287
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 51 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 89 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 55
FWCI
26.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Nanotechnology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ca135109-05)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01-CA135109)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Keywords
single-walled carbon nanotubes, near-infrared emission, fluorescent imaging agents, surfactant exchange, biocompatibility, quantum yield, deep tissue penetration, intravital microscopy, whole-animal imaging, InGaAs camera
MeSH terms
Animals, Blood Vessels, Fluorescence, Humans, Luminescent Measurements, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Nanotubes, Carbon, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Molecular Imaging

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review