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Integrated multimode interferometers with arbitrary designs for photonic boson sampling
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“Further attention has been devoted to the computational complexity of multiphoton quantum walks, which has the potential to demonstrate an undisputed quantum advantage through the boson-sampling algorithm (13–19).”
From Two-photon quantum walk in a multimode fiber (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This feature has suggested multiport photonic interferometers as good candidates for the implementation of quantum simulators or even general-purpose quantum computers [586,591,592]”
From Photonic quantum information processing: a review (2019) · cites this paper as [586]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the first scattershot Boson sampling with 3-photon is implemented using 6 bulk SPDC-SPSs in a 13-mode laser-writing SiO2 chip. Scattershot can reach an exponential enhancement in sampling rate, by simultaneously pumping k parametric sources, and measuring n photons in a random but heralded set of input ports ( k ≫ n ).”
From Integrated photonic quantum technologies (2020) · cites this paper as [97]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“It has been demonstrated first on chip via bulk-optic SPDC-SPSs [15, 97] ( Fig.5a ), and recently via a fully integrated chip via SFWM-SPSs [98].”
From Integrated photonic quantum technologies (2020) · cites this paper as [97]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“If one electron is delayed, the noise properties change such that a Pauli-dip (analog to the HOM-dip for coincidences measurements) of around 50% of the classical noise level was observed.”
From Two-photon interference: the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect (2021) · cites this paper as [199]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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In the citing paper
“the correlation noise properties at the outputs were studied and found to be below the random partition noise, i.e. classically expected noise (see Fig. 10a).”
From Two-photon interference: the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect (2021) · cites this paper as [199]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Since 2015, a number of alternative schemes have been proposed: driven BosonSampling, where the input photons are generated within the interferometer [585], BosonSampling with microwave photons [586] or squeezed states [587,588], one using Gaussian measurements and the symmetry of the evolution under time reversal [589,590], and one time-bin loop-based [150]”
From Photonic quantum information processing: a review (2019) · cites this paper as [586]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“recently BosonSampling was shown to be equivalent to short-time evolutions of n excitations in a XY model of 2n spins [586]”
From Photonic quantum information processing: a review (2019) · cites this paper as [586]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Within this framework, in 2015 Huh et al. found the first application of BosonSampling for quantum simulation to evaluate molecular vibronic spectra [586,591,592].”
From Photonic quantum information processing: a review (2019) · cites this paper as [586]
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“0.64 ~0.6 0.185 Fiber & [2] SPDC 111 ~0.9 <0.011 5 0.21 ~0.65 ~0.07 [3] SPDC 111 $$ < 0.011 (pair generation) 6 N/A >0.5 ~0.003 SPDC 22 < 0.023 (pair generation) 6 N/A >0.5 ~0.001 [4] SPDC 111 0.63 for different pairs N/A 5 0.3 ~0.65 N/A [5] SPDC 111 0.99 for same pairs, 0.91 for different pairs N/A…”
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“all the optical elements—such as waveguides, beam splitters and phase shifters [67]—required for the manipulation of”
BackgroundObservation of Topological Structures in Photonic Quantum Walks
Puentes, G., Gerhardt, I., Katzschmann, F., Silberhorn, C., Wrachtrup, J., & Lewenstein, M. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.120502 · Cited by 8
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Linear optical circuits characterization by means of thermal field correlation measurement
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Recent progress towards large-scale integrated photonic quantum computation
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Complementary properties of multiphoton quantum states in linear optics networks
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Coincidence landscapes for polarized bosons
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Statistical Analysis for Collision-free Boson Sampling
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Quantum supremacy with analog quantum processors for material science and machine learningPreprint
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“So far, the first steps toward the experimental characterization of quantum supremacy have been made with linear optical networks for boson sampling [3–6] and in driven disordered superconducting circuits [7].”
BackgroundQuantum Advantage with Timestamp MembosonsamplingPreprint
Gao, J., Wang, X., Zhou, W., Jiao, Z., Ren, R.-J., Fu, Y.-X., Qiao, L., Xu, X.-Y., Zhang, C.-N., Pang, X.-L., et al. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2012.03967 · Cited by 5
Research progress of integrated photonic quantum simulation
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Efficiently simulating the work distribution of multiple identical bosons with boson sampling
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Towards field-programmable photonic gate arrays
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“Other applications such as boson sampling and complex Hadamard transformations the reader is directed to the literature [12], [39],[40].”
BackgroundQuantum de Moivre–Laplace theorem for noninteracting indistinguishable particles in random networks
Shchesnovich, V. S. (2017) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8121/aa8e8f · Cited by 4
“1±α, and observing that 0 ≤ Xi ≤ 1 and ∑ r i=1 Xi =1 (an analog of xi in Eqs. (14)-(15)) we have lnQ(B,F)=− r−1 2 ln(1±α)− 1 2 r ∑ i=1 ln Xi qi ±M(1±α) r ∑ i=1 Xi ln Xi qi +O r min(Ki) . (22) Expandingthe Kulback-Leibnerdivergenceonthe right-hand-sideof Eq. (22)as in Eq. (15), usingthat Xi−qi =± α 1±α(xi−qi) and repla…”
Effect of second-order coupling on photon-pair statistics in waveguide structures
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Observation of photonic states dynamics in 3-D integrated Fourier circuits
Flamini, F., Viggianiello, N., Giordani, T., Bentivegna, M., Spagnolo, N., Crespi, A., Corrielli, G., Osellame, R., Martin-Delgado, M. A., & Sciarrino, F. (2018) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/aac68b · Cited by 4
Self-citationMultiparticle quantum interference in Bogoliubov bosonic transformations
Jabbour, M. G., & Cerf, N. J. (2021) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.043065 · Cited by 4
Kernel function based quantum algorithms for finite temperature quantum simulation
Wang, H., Nan, J., Zhang, T., Qiu, X., Chen, W., & Li, X. (2023) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.108.085102 · Cited by 7
Boost clustering with Gaussian Boson Sampling: a quantum-classical hybrid approach
Bonaldi, N., Rossi, M. S., Mattioli, D., Grapulin, M., Fernandéz, B. S., Caputo, D., Magagnini, M., Osti, A., & Veronese, F. (2024) · Quantum Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s42484-024-00185-w · Cited by 5
Control and enhancement of interferometric coupling between two photonic qubits
Stárek, R., Mičuda, M., Straka, I., Miková, M., Ježek, M., Filip, R., & Fiurášek, J. (2016) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.93.042321 · Cited by 4
Quantum suppression law in a 3-D photonic chip implementing the Fast Fourier TransformPreprint
Crespi, A., Osellame, R., Ramponi, R., Bentivegna, M., Flamini, F., Spagnolo, N., Viggianiello, N., Innocenti, L., Mataloni, P., & Sciarrino, F. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1508.00782 · Cited by 4
Self-citationSampling and the complexity of naturePreprint
Hangleiter, D. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.17169/refubium-28790 · Cited by 8
Silicon Quantum Photonics ‐ Platform and Applications
Ekici, Ç., Semenova, E. S., Bacco, D., & Ding, Y. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527837427.ch22 · Cited by 4
Lapointe, J., Dupont, A., Pouliot, S., et al. (2022) · doi:10.1117/12.2611532 · Cited by 3
“In fact, advanced devices such as photonic quantum circuits [5,6] and lab-on-a-chip [7] were successfully fabricated using this technique.”
BackgroundMethodVariational quantum cloning machine on an integrated photonic interferometer
Hoch, F., Rodari, G., Caruccio, E., Polacchi, B., Carvacho, G., Giordani, T., Doosti, M., Nicolau, S., Pentangelo, C., Piacentini, S., et al. (2025) · Optica Quantum · doi:10.1364/opticaq.553762 · Cited by 5
“However, in order to scale up the size and computational power of new photonic platforms, it is essential to investigate their general capabilities when variational approaches are used to obtain useful quantum circuit designs [27, 49–53].”
Self-citationVerifying Quantum Complexity in Linear Optical Experiments
Carolan, J., Meinecke, J. D. A., Shadbolt, P., Russell, N. J., Thompson, M. G., O’Brien, J. L., Matthews, J. C. F., Laing, A., Ismail, N., Wörhoff, K., et al. (2014) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_qels.2014.fm2a.7 · Cited by 2
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Efficient ultrafast laser writing with appropriate polarization
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Order-Invariant Two-Photon Quantum Correlations in PT-Symmetric Interferometers
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High performance Boson sampling simulation via data-flow engines
Morse, G., Rybotycki, T., Kaposi, Á., Kolarovszki, Z., Stojčić, U., Kozsik, T., Mencer, O., Oszmaniec, M., Zimborás, Z., & Rakyta, P. (2024) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ad313b · Cited by 5
“From an experimental point of view, after the proof-of-principle realizations of small-scaled photonic interferometers [24–27], researchers were experimenting to increase the number of modes on the photonic chip [28] and by multiplexing on-chip single-photon sources [29–31].”
BackgroundAn in-fiber Mach–Zehnder strain sensor for studying multimode interference of light
Zhang, G., Xu, L., & Ge, Q. (2024) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/5.0173941 · Cited by 3
Walschaers, M. (2018) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93151-7_8 · Cited by 3
Nonclassical light sources for silicon photonics
Bajoni, D., & Galli, M. (2017) · Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2017.05.002 · Cited by 3
Entanglement enhancement in multimode integrated circuits
Léger, Z. M., Brodutch, A., & Helmy, A. S. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.97.062303 · Cited by 3
Enhanced on-chip frequency measurement using weak value amplification
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“It has been proposed for making a series of interferometers as needed in boson sampling experiments [21], and for single interferometers such as”
BackgroundOn-chip deterministic optical SWAP gate
Bozkurt, A., & Kocaman, S. (2019) · Quantum Nanophotonic Materials, Devices, and Systems · doi:10.1117/12.2529201 · Cited by 3
Precision frequency measurement on a chip using weak value amplification
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“TE1 = e iβ1z B− 1 e 1, x < −d A1 sin(K1x), −d < x < d B 1 e −γ1(x−d), x > d, (2)”
Quantum Topological Boundary States in Quasi-crystalPreprint
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Mitigating linear optics imperfections via port allocation and compilationPreprint
Kumar, S. P., Neuhaus, L., Helt, L. G., Qi, H., Morrison, B., Mahler, D. H., & Dhand, I. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.03183 · Cited by 3
“Fabrication imperfections can lead to imbalanced splitting ratios because these ratios depend on evanescent coupling or multi-mode interference, which are very sensitive to the dimensions and physical properties of the fabricated waveguides [35, 36].”
BackgroundDistinguishability-induced many-body decoherence
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“To make this explicit, suppose that ρ 1p has a discrete spectrum of m eigenvalues λ j ⩾ 0 with corresponding eigenvectors | j ⟩ , such that its eigendecomposition reads ρ 1p = P = 1 λ j | j ⟩⟨ j | .”
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“Many quantum applications including logic gates [34, 35], higher-dimensional entanglement with standard measurements [30, 36, 37], tests of Boson Sampling [38, 39], quantum teleportation [40] and frustrated quantum interference [41] have been demonstrated with PICs.”
Quantum non-Gaussian high Fock states of light pulses and their superpositions
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“Independent control on the coupler transmissivity is obtained, on the other hand, by a three-dimensional rotation of one of the coupler’s arm.(4) Indeed, this enables to modify the distance between the two waveguides without altering the shape (and length) of the S-bend, which would determine an unwanted phase shift.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBoson sampling with random numbers of photons
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New Trends and Applications in Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
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The State of the Art and Future Prospect of Ultrafast Laser Microprocessing
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Linear-Optical Generation of Eigenstates of the Two-Site XY Model
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“Since this pioneering work, much research has been performed in the area with highlights including waveguide devices for quantum computing [6] and optofluidic sensing [7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationComplex scattering as canonical transformation: A semiclassical approach in Fock space
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Permanents, bosons and linear optics
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Waveguide Superconducting Single- and Few-Photon Detectors on GaAs for Integrated Quantum Photonics
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“sampling [13–16].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Crespi, A., Osellame, R., Ramponi, R., Brod, D. J., Galvão, E. F., Spagnolo, N., Vitelli, C., Maiorino, E., Mataloni, P., & Sciarrino, F.
- Affiliations
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IT)
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (BR)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Italian Institute of Technology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Osellame, Roberto
- Galvão, Ernesto F.
- Sciarrino, Fabio
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Photonics
- Published
- 2013-05-26
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 545-549
- ISSN
- 1749-4885 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-4893
- OpenAlex
- W2028558275
- Semantic Scholar
- 651075c358cc6f00c3d9937918740f4d396a632a
- Cited by
- 662
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 71.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Photonics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- boson sampling, multimode interferometer, integrated photonics, three-dimensional waveguides, three-photon interference, quantum advantage, multiphoton interference
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