High-rate measurement-device-independent quantum cryptography
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
DI-QKD is difficult to implement and its performance in a practical scenario is still limited because it requires loophole-free Bell inequality violations, which necessitate high-quality entanglement among distant parties and near-perfect quantum detection.
“However, DI-QKD is difficult to implement and its performance, on a practical scenario, are still limited [43] because it requires loophole-free Bell inequality violations, which necessitate high-quality entanglement among distant parties and near-perfect quantum detection, something current technologies cannot still provide in full [57], or at least not under commonly accepted practicality assum”
From Quantum Computing: Vision and Challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem
Ekert, A. K. (1991) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.67.661 · Cited by 10,777 · see citing works
Gisin, N., Ribordy, G., Tittel, W., & Zbinden, H. (2002) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.74.145 · Cited by 8,515 · see citing works
The security of practical quantum key distribution
Scarani, V., Bechmann-Pasquinucci, H., Cerf, N. J., Dušek, M., Lütkenhaus, N., & Peev, M. (2009) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.81.1301 · Cited by 3,736 · see citing works
Weedbrook, C., Pirandola, S., García−Patrón, R., Cerf, N. J., Ralph, T. C., Shapiro, J. H., & Lloyd, S. (2012) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.84.621 · Cited by 3,616 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Lo, H., Curty, M., & Qi, B. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.130503 · Cited by 2,252 · see citing works
End-To-End Arguments In System Design
And, S. R., Saltzer, J. H., Reed, D. P., & Clark, D. D. (1984) · Cited by 2,130 · see citing works
Quantum key distribution using gaussian-modulated coherent states
Grosshans, F., Assche, G. V., Wenger, J., Tualle-Brouri, R., Cerf, N. J., & Grangier, P. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01289 · Cited by 1,436 · see citing works
Field test of quantum key distribution in the Tokyo QKD Network
Sasaki, M., Fujiwara, M., Ishizuka, H., Klaus, W., Wakui, K., Takeoka, M., Miki, S., Yamashita, T., Wang, Z., Tanaka, A., et al. (2011) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.19.010387 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
Hacking commercial quantum cryptography systems by tailored bright illumination
Lydersen, L., Wiechers, C., Wittmann, C., Elser, D., Skaar, J., & Makarov, V. (2010) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.214 · Cited by 1,144 · see citing works
Wilde, M. M. (2013) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139525343 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Experimental demonstration of long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Jouguet, P., Kunz-Jacques, S., Leverrier, A., Grangier, P., & Diamanti, E. (2013) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.63 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
On Distributed Communications Networks
Baran, P. (1964) · IRE Transactions on Communications Systems · doi:10.1109/tcom.1964.1088883 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Side-Channel-Free Quantum Key Distribution
Braunstein, S. L., & Pirandola, S. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.130502 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Self-citationFujii, K. (2009) · Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers eBooks · doi:10.1109/9780470544907.ch24 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Unconditional Optimality of Gaussian Attacks against Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution
García−Patrón, R., & Cerf, N. J. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.190503 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Quantum Cryptography Without Switching
Weedbrook, C., Lance, A. M., Bowen, W. P., Symul, T., Ralph, T. C., & Lam, P. K. (2004) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.170504 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantum key distribution over 25 km with an all-fiber continuous-variable system
Lodewyck, J., Bloch, M. R., García−Patrón, R., Fossier, S., Karpov, E., Diamanti, E., Debuisschert, T., Cerf, N. J., Tualle-Brouri, R., McLaughlin, S. W., et al. (2007) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.76.042305 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Full-field implementation of a perfect eavesdropper on a quantum cryptography system
Gerhardt, I., Liu, Q., Lamas-Linares, A., Skaar, J., Kurtsiefer, C., & Makarov, V. (2011) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1348 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Fundamental rate-loss tradeoff for optical quantum key distribution
Takeoka, M., Guha, S., & Wilde, M. M. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6235 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Finite-key analysis for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Curty, M., Xu, F., Cui, W., Lim, C. C. W., Tamaki, K., & Lo, H. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4732 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Quantum distribution of Gaussian keys using squeezed states
Cerf, N. J., Lévy, M., & Assche, G. V. (2001) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.63.052311 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Composable Security Proof for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Coherent States
Leverrier, A. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.070501 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Renner, R., & Cirac, J. I. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.110504 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Second-order complex random vectors and normal distributions
Picinbono, B. (1996) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/78.539051 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Rubenok, A., Slater, J. A., Chan, P., Lucio-Martinez, I., & Tittel, W. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.130501 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Symmetry of large physical systems implies independence of subsystems
Renner, R. (2007) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys684 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution over 200 km
Tang, Y.-L., Yin, H., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Zhang, W., Jiang, X. Q., Zhang, L., Wang, J., You, L., Guan, J.-Y., et al. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.190501 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a Gaussian modulation
Jouguet, P., Kunz-Jacques, S., & Leverrier, A. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.84.062317 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Continuous-variable quantum cryptography using two-way quantum communication
Pirandola, S., Mancini, S., Lloyd, S., et al. (2008) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1018 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationda Silva, T. F., Vitoreti, D., XAVIER, G. B., do Amaral, G. C., Temporão, G. P., & von der Weid, J. P. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.88.052303 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Direct and Reverse Secret-Key Capacities of a Quantum Channel
Pirandola, S., García−Patrón, R., Braunstein, S. L., & Lloyd, S. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.050503 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous variable quantum key distribution with modulated entangled states
Madsen, L. S., Usenko, V. C., Lassen, M., et al. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2097 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Alternative schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Ma, X., & Razavi, M. (2012) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.86.062319 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Wang, X. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.87.012320 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Characterization of Collective Gaussian Attacks and Security of Coherent-State Quantum Cryptography
Pirandola, S., Braunstein, S. L., & Lloyd, S. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.101.200504 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationStatistical fluctuation analysis for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Ma, X., Fung, C. F., & Razavi, M. (2012) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.86.052305 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Quantum discord as a resource for quantum cryptography
Pirandola, S. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep06956 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationMacroscopic Entanglement by Entanglement Swapping
Pirandola, S., Vitali, D., Tombesi, P., et al. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.150403 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasurement-Device-Independent Entanglement Witnesses for All Entangled Quantum States
Branciard, C., Rosset, D., Liang, Y.-C., & Gisin, N. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.060405 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Quantum Cryptography Approaching the Classical Limit
Weedbrook, C., Pirandola, S., Lloyd, S., & Ralph, T. C. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.110501 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous-variable quantum key distribution using thermal states
Weedbrook, C., Pirandola, S., & Ralph, T. C. (2012) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.86.022318 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelation matrices of two-mode bosonic systems
Pirandola, S., Serafini, A., & Lloyd, S. (2009) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.79.052327 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationChi, Y.-M., Qi, B., Zhu, W., Qian, L., Lo, H.-K., Youn, S.-H., Lvovsky, A. I., & Tian, L. (2011) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/1/013003 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
A monogamy-of-entanglement game with applications to device-independent quantum cryptography
Tomamichel, M., Fehr, S., Kaniewski, J., & Wehner, S. (2013) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/10/103002 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with quantum memories
Abruzzo, S., Kampermann, H., & Bruß, D. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.89.012301 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution with entanglement in the middle
Weedbrook, C. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.87.022308 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo-way quantum cryptography at different wavelengths
Weedbrook, C., Ottaviani, C., & Pirandola, S. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.89.012309 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationDevice-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Local Bell Test
Lim, C. C. W., Portmann, C., Tomamichel, M., Renner, R., & Gisin, N. (2013) · Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) · doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000070652 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Entanglement reactivation in separable environments
Pirandola, S. (2013) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/113046 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationCovariance Matrices under Bell-like Detections
Spedalieri, G., Ottaviani, C., & Pirandola, S. (2013) · Open Systems & Information Dynamics · doi:10.1142/s123016121350011x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationNiset, J., Acín, A., Andersen, U. L., et al. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.260404 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-rate quantum cryptography using Gaussian-modulated coherent states
Grosshans, F., Assche, G. V., Wenger, J., et al. (2003) · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Over a 404 km Optical Fiber
Yin, H.-L., Chen, T.-Y., Yu, Z.-W., Liu, H., You, L.-X., Zhou, Y.-H., Chen, S.-J., Mao, Y., Huang, M.-Q., Zhang, W.-J., et al. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.190501 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Relativistic quantum information
Mann, R. B., & Ralph, T. C. (2012) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/29/22/220301 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Quantum Computing: Vision and Challenges
Gill, S. S., Cetinkaya, O., Marrone, S., Claudino, D., Haunschild, D., Schlote, L., Wu, H., Ottaviani, C., Liu, X., Machupalli, S. P., et al. (2025) · Quantum Computing · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29096-1.00008-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Pirandola, S., Ottaviani, C., Spedalieri, G., Weedbrook, C., Braunstein, S. L., Lloyd, S., Gehring, T., Jacobsen, C. S., & Andersen, U. L.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Pirandola, Stefano
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Photonics
- Published
- 2015-05-25
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 397-402
- ISSN
- 1749-4885 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-4893
- OpenAlex
- W1622088883
- Cited by
- 476
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 47.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Photonics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-CHRI-0006)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/M013472/1, EP/J00796X/1, EP/L011298/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Communication Security Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution, continuous-variable quantum key distribution, metropolitan quantum networks, untrusted relay, optical fibre transmission
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review