Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Over a 404 km Optical Fiber
Open accessAbstract
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) with the decoy-state method negates security threats of both the imperfect single-photon source and detection losses. Lengthening the distance and improving the key rate of quantum key distribution (QKD) are vital issues in practical applications of QKD. Herein, we report the results of MDIQKD over 404 km of ultralow-loss optical fiber and 311 km of a standard optical fiber while employing an optimized four-intensity decoy-state method. This record-breaking implementation of the MDIQKD method not only provides a new distance record for both MDIQKD and all types of QKD systems but also, more significantly, achieves a distance that the traditional Bennett-Brassard 1984 QKD would not be able to achieve with the same detection devices even with ideal single-photon sources. This work represents a significant step toward proving and developing feasible long-distance QKD.
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The achievable distance for QKD has been limited to a few hundred kilometers due to channel loss of fibers or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon rate.
“In practice, the achievable distance for QKD has been limited to a few hundred kilometers, due to the channel loss of fibers or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduced the photon rate.”
From Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Yin, H.-L., Chen, T.-Y., Yu, Z.-W., Liu, H., You, L.-X., Zhou, Y.-H., Chen, S.-J., Mao, Y., Huang, M.-Q., Zhang, W.-J., Chen, H., Li, M. J., Nolan, D., Zhou, F., Jiang, X., Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Wang, X.-B., & Pan, J.-W.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics (CN)
- Corning (United States) (US)
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2016-11-02
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 190501-190501
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2472755367
- Cited by
- 836
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 67.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shandong Province
- Excellent Young Talents Fund Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province
- National Fundamental Research (2013CB336800)
- National High-Tech Program of China (2011AA010800, 2011AA010803)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Communication Security Techniques
- Keywords
- measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution, decoy-state method, long-distance quantum key distribution, key rate, detection loss, BB84 protocol
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