The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Thermally driven spin injection from a ferromagnet into a non-magnetic metal
Open accessAbstract
The experimental demonstration of heat currents driving the injection of spins from a ferromagnetic into a non-magnetic metal establishes a new source of pure spin currents. The approach might provide an alternative mechanism for switching processes in memory devices and for other ‘spintronics’ applications. Creation, manipulation and detection of spin-polarized carriers are the key elements of spin-based electronics1,2. Most practical devices3,4,5 use a perpendicular geometry in which the spin currents are accompanied by charge currents. In recent years, new sources of pure spin currents (that is, transport of spin angular momentum without charge currents) have been demonstrated6,7,8,9 and applied10,11,12. Here we demonstrate a conceptually new source of pure spin current driven by the flow of heat across the interface between a ferromagnet and a non-magnetic metal. This spin current is generated because, in a ferromagnet, the Seebeck effect—which describes the generation of a voltage as a result of a temperature gradient—is spin dependent13,14. We studied this new source of spin currents experimentally in a non-local lateral geometry and developed a three-dimensional model that describes the heat, charge and spin transport in this geometry, enabling us to quantify this process15. We obtain a spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient for Permalloy of −3.8 μV K−1, suggesting that thermally driven spin injection is a feasible alternative for electrical spin injection in, for example, spin-transfer-torque experiments16.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Introduction to Solid State Physics
Kittel, C., & Fan, H. Y. (1957) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.1934457 · Cited by 22,240
Introduction to Solid State Physics
Kittel, C., & Dexter, D. L. (1953) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.1933590 · Cited by 13,240
Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
Žutić, I., Fabian, J., & Das Sarma, S. (2004) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.76.323 · Cited by 11,268
Giant Magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr Magnetic Superlattices
Baibich, M. N., Broto, J. M., Fert, A., Van Dau, F. N., Petroff, F., Etienne, P., Creuzet, G., Friederich, A., & Chazelas, J. (1988) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.61.2472 · Cited by 9,415
The emergence of spin electronics in data storage
Chappert, C., Fert, A., & Van Dau, F. N. (2007) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2024 · Cited by 2,546
Observation of the spin Seebeck effect
Uchida, K., Takahashi, S., Harii, K., Ieda, J., Koshibae, W., Ando, K., Maekawa, S., & Saitoh, E. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07321 · Cited by 2,243
Microwave oscillations of a nanomagnet driven by a spin-polarized current
Kiselev, S. I., Sankey, J. C., Krivorotov, I. N., Emley, N. C., Schoelkopf, R. J., Buhrman, R. A., & Ralph, D. C. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01967 · Cited by 2,036
Schmidt, G., Ferrand, D., Molenkamp, L. W., Filip, A. T., & van Wees, B. J. (2000) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.62.r4790 · Cited by 1,997
Self-citationBauer, G. E. W., Saitoh, E., & van Wees, B. J. (2012) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3301 · Cited by 1,822
Self-citationTheory of the perpendicular magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers
Valet, T., & Fert, A. (1993) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.48.7099 · Cited by 1,731
The Theory of the Properties of Metals and Alloys
Mott, N. F., & Jones, H. F. (1933) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 1,612
Direct electronic measurement of the spin Hall effect
Valenzuela, S. O., & Tinkham, M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04937 · Cited by 1,499
Nonlocal magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures
Tserkovnyak, Y., Brataas, A., Bauer, G. E. W., & Halperin, B. I. (2005) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.77.1375 · Cited by 1,315
The Theory of the Properties of Metals and Alloys
P., R. (1937) · Nature · doi:10.1038/139348a0 · Cited by 1,220
Electrical spin injection and accumulation at room temperature in an all-metal mesoscopic spin valve
Jedema, F. J., Filip, A. T., & van Wees, B. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35066533 · Cited by 1,152
Self-citationRoom-Temperature Reversible Spin Hall Effect
Kimura, T., Otani, Y., Sato, T., Takahashi, S., & Maekawa, S. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.156601 · Cited by 1,063
Theory of magnon-driven spin Seebeck effect
Xiao, J., Bauer, G. E. W., Uchida, K.-C., Saitoh, E., & Maekawa, S. (2010) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.214418 · Cited by 663
Spin-polarized current switching of a Co thin film nanomagnet
Albert, F. J., Katine, J. A., Buhrman, R. A., & Ralph, D. C. (2000) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1330562 · Cited by 375
Non-collinear magnetoelectronics
BRATAAS, A., BAUER, G., & KELLY, P. (2006) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.01.001 · Cited by 371
Current-Induced Spin-Wave Doppler Shift
Vlaminck, V., & Bailleul, M. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1162843 · Cited by 334
Electrical Detection of Spin Pumping due to the Precessing Magnetization of a Single Ferromagnet
Costache, M. V., Sladkov, M., Watts, S. M., van der Wal, C. H., & van Wees, B. J. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.216603 · Cited by 291
Self-citationThermal Spin-Transfer Torque in Magnetoelectronic Devices
Hatami, M., Bauer, G. E. W., Zhang, Q., & Kelly, P. J. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.066603 · Cited by 291
Thermospin effects in a quantum dot connected to ferromagnetic leads
Dubi, Y., & Di Ventra, M. (2009) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.081302 · Cited by 181
Thermodynamic description of heat and spin transport in magnetic nanostructures
Gravier, L., Serrano-Guisan, S., Reuse, F., & Ansermet, J. (2006) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.024419 · Cited by 147
Interplay of Peltier and Seebeck Effects in Nanoscale Nonlocal Spin Valves
Bakker, F. L., Slachter, A., Adam, J.-P., & van Wees, B. J. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.136601 · Cited by 137
Self-citationEvidence for Thermal Spin-Transfer Torque
Yu, H., Granville, S., Yu, D., & Ansermet, J. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.146601 · Cited by 130
Phenomenological analysis for spin-Seebeck effect in metallic magnets
Uchida, K., Takahashi, S., Ieda, J., Harii, K., Ikeda, K., Koshibae, W., Maekawa, S., & Saitoh, E. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3056581 · Cited by 41
Contribution of electron–magnon scattering to the spin-dependent Seebeck effect in a ferromagnet
Tulapurkar, A. A., & Suzuki, Y. (2010) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2009.12.035 · Cited by 16
Cited by
Photocurrent generation with two-dimensional van der Waals semiconductors
Buscema, M., Island, J. O., Groenendijk, D. J., Blanter, S. I., Steele, G. A., van der Zant, H. S. J., & Castellanos-Gomez, A. (2015) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c5cs00106d · Cited by 1,051
Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism
Hellman, F., Hoffmann, A., Tserkovnyak, Y., Beach, G. S. D., Fullerton, E. E., Leighton, C., MacDonald, A. H., Ralph, D. C., Arena, D. A., Dürr, H. A., et al. (2017) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.89.025006 · Cited by 927
Large anomalous Nernst effect at room temperature in a chiral antiferromagnet
Ikhlas, M., Tomita, T., Koretsune, T., Suzuki, M.-T., Nishio-Hamane, D., Arita, R., Otani, Y., & Nakatsuji, S. (2017) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys4181 · Cited by 746
Magnetic nano-oscillator driven by pure spin current
Demidov, V. E., Urazhdin, S., Ulrichs, H., Tiberkevich, V., Slavin, A., Baither, D., Schmitz, G., & Demokritov, S. O. (2012) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3459 · Cited by 665
Giant anomalous Nernst effect and quantum-critical scaling in a ferromagnetic semimetal
Sakai, A., Mizuta, Y. P., Nugroho, A. A., Sihombing, R., Koretsune, T., Suzuki, M.-T., Takemori, N., Ishii, R., Nishio-Hamane, D., Arita, R., et al. (2018) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0225-6 · Cited by 600
Metadata
- Authors
- Slachter, A., Bakker, F. L., Adam, J.-P., & van Wees, B. J.
- Venue
- Nature Physics
- Published
- 2010-09-19
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 879-882
- ISSN
- 1745-2473 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-2481
- OpenAlex
- W2045510319
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 28
- FWCI
- 14.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
