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Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications

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Žutić, Igor, Fabian, Jaroslav, Das Sarma, S.·2004·Reviews of Modern Physics
DOI 10.1103/revmodphys.76.323
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Abstract

Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals. Spin transport differs from charge transport in that spin is a nonconserved quantity in solids due to spin-orbit and hyperfine coupling. The authors discuss in detail spin decoherence mechanisms in metals and semiconductors. Various theories of spin injection and spin-polarized transport are applied to hybrid structures relevant to spin-based devices and fundamental studies of materials properties. Experimental work is reviewed with the emphasis on projected applications, in which external electric and magnetic fields and illumination by light will be used to control spin and charge dynamics to create new functionalities not feasible or ineffective with conventional electronics.

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Metadata

Authors
Žutić, I., Fabian, J., & Das Sarma, S.
Venue
Reviews of Modern Physics
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2004-04-23
Volume
76
Issue
2
Pages
323-410
ISSN
  • 0034-6861 (ISSN-L)
  • 1539-0756
DOI
10.1103/revmodphys.76.323
OpenAlex
W2042473487
Cited by
11,268
References
9
FWCI
256.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/revmodphys.76.323
The paper
Žutić, I., Fabian, J., & Das Sarma, S. (2004). Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications. Reviews of Modern Physics. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.76.323

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.