Measurement of the nucleation of atmospheric aerosol particles

Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: a review of observations

Kulmala, M., Vehkamäki, H., Petäjä, T., Dal Maso, M., Lauri, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Birmili, W., & McMurry, P. H. (2004) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.10.003 · Cited by 2,191

Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation

Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., Almeida, J., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Franchin, A., Gagné, S., Ickes, L., Kürten, A., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10343 · Cited by 1,394

Scanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer

Wang, S. C., & Flagan, R. C. (1990) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786829008959441 · Cited by 969

Mobility particle size spectrometers: harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions

Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., Nowak, A., Sonntag, A., Weinhold, K., Merkel, M., Wehner, B., Tuch, T., Pfeifer, S., Fiebig, M., et al. (2012) · Atmospheric Measurement Techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-5-657-2012 · Cited by 868

Impact of nucleation on global CCN

Merikanto, J., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Pickering, S. J., & Carslaw, K. S. (2009) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-9-8601-2009 · Cited by 851

The Role of Sulfuric Acid in Atmospheric Nucleation

Sipilä, M., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Brus, D., Vanhanen, J., Stratmann, F., Patokoski, J., Mauldin, R. L., Hyvärinen, A.-P., Lihavainen, H., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1180315 · Cited by 813

Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland

Maso, M. D., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Wagner, R., Hussein, T., Aalto, P. P., & Lehtinen, K. E. J. (2024) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · doi:10.60910/yq6q-vj10 · Cited by 670

A high-resolution mass spectrometer to measure atmospheric ion composition

Junninen, H., Ehn, M., Petäjä, T., Luosujärvi, L., Kotiaho, T., Kostiainen, R., Rohner, U., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Kulmala, M., et al. (2010) · Atmospheric Measurement Techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-3-1039-2010 · Cited by 567

On the formation, growth and composition of nucleation mode particles

Kulmala, M., Maso, M. D., Mäkela, J. M., Pirjola, L., Väkevä, M., Aalto, P., Miikkulainen, P., Hämeri, K., & O’dowd, C. D. (2001) · Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v53i4.16622 · Cited by 528

Measurements of new particle formation and ultrafine particle growth rates at a clean continental site

Weber, R. J., Marti, J. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L., Tanner, D. J., & Jefferson, A. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jd03656 · Cited by 501

Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations: SMEAR

Hari, P., Nikinmaa, E., Pohja, T., Siivola, E., Bäck, J., Vesala, T., & Kulmala, M. (2013) · Physical and Physiological Forest Ecology · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5603-8_9 · Cited by 501

Toward Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Nucleation

Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Sipilä, M., Manninen, H. E., Petäjä, T., Junninen, H., Maso, M. D., Mordas, G., Mirme, A., Vana, M., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1144124 · Cited by 465

Atmospheric sulphuric acid and aerosol formation: implications from atmospheric measurements for nucleation and early growth mechanisms

Sihto, S.-L., Kulmala, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Dal Maso, M., Petäjä, T., Riipinen, I., Korhonen, H., Arnold, F., Janson, R., Boy, M., et al. (2006) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-6-4079-2006 · Cited by 461

Evidence for the role of organics in aerosol particle formation under atmospheric conditions

Metzger, A., Verheggen, B., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Prevot, A. S. H., Weingartner, E., Riipinen, I., Kulmala, M., Spracklen, D. V., Carslaw, K. S., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0911330107 · Cited by 450

An Ultrafine Aerosol Condensation Nucleus Counter

Stolzenburg, M. R., & McMurry, P. H. (1991) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786829108959470 · Cited by 440

On the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles

Kulmala, M., & Kerminen, V.-M. (2008) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.01.005 · Cited by 409

Organic condensation: a vital link connecting aerosol formation to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations

Riipinen, I., Pierce, J. R., Yli-Juuti, T., Nieminen, T., Häkkinen, S., Ehn, M., Junninen, H., Lehtipalo, K., Petäjä, T., Slowik, J., et al. (2011) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-3865-2011 · Cited by 407

Observations of ultrafine aerosol particle formation and growth in boreal forest

Mäkelä, J. M., Aalto, P., Jokinen, V., Pohja, T., Nissinen, A., Palmroth, S., Markkanen, T., Seitsonen, K., Lihavainen, H., & Kulmala, M. (1997) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/97gl00920 · Cited by 403

MEASURED ATMOSPHERIC NEW PARTICLE FORMATION RATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR NUCLEATION MECHANISMS

WEBER, R. J., MARTI, J. J., McMURRY, P. H., EISELE, F. L., TANNER, D. J., & JEFFERSON, A. (1996) · Chemical Engineering Communications · doi:10.1080/00986449608936541 · Cited by 396

HIGH-DISPERSED AEROSOLS

FUCHS, N. A., & SUTUGIN, A. G. (1971) · Topics in Current Aerosol Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-016674-2.50006-6 · Cited by 391

The contribution of boundary layer nucleation events to total particle concentrations on regional and global scales

Spracklen, D. V., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Mann, G. W., & Sihto, S.-L. (2006) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-6-5631-2006 · Cited by 384

Physical characterization of aerosol particles during nucleation events

Aalto, P., Hämeri, K., Becker, E., Weber, R., Salm, J., Mäkelä, J. M., Hoell, C., O’dowd, C. D., Karlsson, H., Hansson, H.-C., et al. (2001) · Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology · doi:10.3402/tellusb.v53i4.17127 · Cited by 379

Particle Size Magnifier for Nano-CN Detection

Vanhanen, J., Mikkilä, J., Lehtipalo, K., Sipilä, M., Manninen, H. E., Siivola, E., Petäjä, T., & Kulmala, M. (2011) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2010.547889 · Cited by 379

Analytical formulae connecting the “real” and the “apparent” nucleation rate and the nuclei number concentration for atmospheric nucleation events

Kerminen, V.-M., & Kulmala, M. (2002) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(01)00194-x · Cited by 375

A new feedback mechanism linking forests, aerosols, and climate

Kulmala, M., Suni, T., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Dal Maso, M., Boy, M., Reissell, A., Rannik, Ü., Aalto, P., Keronen, P., Hakola, H., et al. (2004) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-4-557-2004 · Cited by 356

Marine boundary layer measurements of new particle formation and the effects nonprecipitating clouds have on aerosol size distribution

Hoppel, W. A., Frick, G. M., Fitzgerald, J. W., & Larson, R. E. (1994) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/94jd00797 · Cited by 339

New particle formation in Beijing, China: Statistical analysis of a 1‐year data set

Wu, Z., Hu, M., Liu, S., Wehner, B., Bauer, S., Ma ßling, A., Wiedensohler, A., Petäjä, T., Dal Maso, M., & Kulmala, M. (2007) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2006jd007406 · Cited by 331

Connections between atmospheric sulphuric acid and new particle formation during QUEST III–IV campaigns in Heidelberg and Hyytiälä

Riipinen, I., Sihto, S.-L., Kulmala, M., Arnold, F., Dal Maso, M., Birmili, W., Saarnio, K., Teinilä, K., Kerminen, V.-M., Laaksonen, A., et al. (2007) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-7-1899-2007 · Cited by 288

On the roles of sulphuric acid and low-volatility organic vapours in the initial steps of atmospheric new particle formation

Paasonen, P., Nieminen, T., Asmi, E., Manninen, H. E., Petäjä, T., Plass-Dülmer, C., Flentje, H., Birmili, W., Wiedensohler, A., Hõrrak, U., et al. (2010) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-10-11223-2010 · Cited by 287

Condensation and coagulation sinks and formation of nucleation mode particles in coastal and boreal forest boundary layers

Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Mäkelä, J. M., Aalto, P., & O'Dowd, C. D. (2002) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2001jd001053 · Cited by 276

The Hohenpeissenberg aerosol formation experiment (HAFEX): a long-term study including size-resolved aerosol, H 2 SO 4 , OH, and monoterpenes measurements

Birmili, W., Berresheim, H., Plass-Dülmer, C., Elste, T., Gilge, S., Wiedensohler, A., & Uhrner, U. (2003) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-3-361-2003 · Cited by 247

The History of Condensation Nucleus Counters

McMurry, P. H. (2000) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820050121512 · Cited by 243

Measurement of Expected Nucleation Precursor Species and 3–500-nm Diameter Particles at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii

Weber, R. J., McMurry, P. H., Eisele, F. L., & Tanner, D. J. (1995) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2242:moenps>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 234

A criterion for new particle formation in the sulfur‐rich Atlanta atmosphere

McMurry, P. H., Fink, M., Sakurai, H., Stolzenburg, M. R., Mauldin, R. L., Smith, J., Eisele, F., Moore, K., Sjostedt, S., Tanner, D., et al. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2005jd005901 · Cited by 227

Efficiency of cloud condensation nuclei formation from ultrafine particles

Pierce, J. R., & Adams, P. J. (2007) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-7-1367-2007 · Cited by 225

Composition and temporal behavior of ambient ions in the boreal forest

Ehn, M., Junninen, H., Petäjä, T., Kurtén, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Schobesberger, S., Manninen, H. E., Ortega, I. K., Vehkamäki, H., Kulmala, M., et al. (2010) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-10-8513-2010 · Cited by 223

Nucleation and growth of new particles in Po Valley, Italy

Hamed, A., Joutsensaari, J., Mikkonen, S. J., Sogacheva, L., Maso, M. D., Kulmala, M., Cavalli, F., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., et al. (2007) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-7-355-2007 · Cited by 222

A dedicated study of New Particle Formation and Fate in the Coastal Environment (PARFORCE): Overview of objectives and achievements

O'Dowd, C. D., Hämeri, K., Mäkelä, J. M., Pirjola, L., Kulmala, M., Jennings, S. G., Berresheim, H., Hansson, H., de Leeuw, G., Kunz, G. J., et al. (2002) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2001jd000555 · Cited by 207

On the growth of nucleation mode particles: source rates of condensable vapor in polluted and clean environments

Kulmala, M., Petäjä, T., Mönkkönen, P., Koponen, I. K., Dal Maso, M., Aalto, P. P., Lehtinen, K. E. J., & Kerminen, V.-M. (2005) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-5-409-2005 · Cited by 205

Effect of Working Fluid on Sub-2 nm Particle Detection with a Laminar Flow Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter

Iida, K., Stolzenburg, M. R., & McMurry, P. H. (2009) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820802488194 · Cited by 201

Atmospheric particle number size distribution in central Europe: Statistical relations to air masses and meteorology

Birmili, W., Wiedensohler, A., Heintzenberg, J., & Lehmann, K. (2001) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000jd000220 · Cited by 200

Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

Yli-Juuti, T., Nieminen, T., Hirsikko, A., Aalto, P. P., Asmi, E., Hõrrak, U., Manninen, H. E., Patokoski, J., Dal Maso, M., Petäjä, T., et al. (2011) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-12865-2011 · Cited by 181

Growth rates of freshly nucleated atmospheric particles in Atlanta

Stolzenburg, M. R., McMurry, P. H., Sakurai, H., Smith, J. N., Mauldin, R. L., Eisele, F. L., & Clement, C. F. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2005jd005935 · Cited by 177

Aerosol nucleation and its role for clouds and Earth's radiative forcing in the aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM

Kazil, J., Stier, P., Zhang, K., Quaas, J., Kinne, S., O'Donnell, D., Rast, S., Esch, M., Ferrachat, S., Lohmann, U., et al. (2010) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-10-10733-2010 · Cited by 176

Ultrafine particle size distributions measured in aircraft exhaust plumes

Brock, C. A., Schröder, F., Kärcher, B., Petzold, A., Busen, R., & Fiebig, M. (2000) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000jd900360 · Cited by 162

The condensation particle counter battery (CPCB): A new tool to investigate the activation properties of nanoparticles

Kulmala, M., Mordas, G., Petäjä, T., Grönholm, T., Aalto, P. P., Vehkamäki, H., Hienola, A. I., Herrmann, E., Sipilä, M., Riipinen, I., et al. (2007) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.11.008 · Cited by 156

Air pollution control and decreasing new particle formation lead to strong climate warming

Makkonen, R., Asmi, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Boy, M. H., Arneth, A., Hari, P., & Kulmala, M. (2012) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-12-1515-2012 · Cited by 147

Spatial distributions of particle number concentrations in the global troposphere: Simulations, observations, and implications for nucleation mechanisms

Yu, F., Luo, G., Bates, T. S., Anderson, B. E., Clarke, A. D., Kapustin, V. N., Yantosca, R. M., Wang, Y., & Wu, S. (2010) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2009jd013473 · Cited by 139

Secondary new particle formation in Northern Finland Pallas site between the years 2000 and 2010

Asmi, E., Kivekäs, N., Kerminen, V., Komppula, M., Hyvärinen, A., Hatakka, J., Viisanen, Y., & Lihavainen, H. (2011) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-12959-2011 · Cited by 135

A wide-range multi-channel air ion spectrometer

Mirme, A., Tamm, E., Mordas, G., Vana, M., Uin, J., Mirme, S., Bernotas, T., Laakso, L., Hirsikko, A., & Kulmala, M. (2024) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · doi:10.60910/j57u-44r2 · Cited by 132

Aircraft measurements of sub micrometer aerosol particles ( > 7 nm) in the midlatitude free troposphere and tropopause region

Schröder, F., & Ström, J. (1997) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-8095(96)00034-8 · Cited by 127

Relation between Electrical Mobility, Mass, and Size for Nanodrops 1–6.5 nm in Diameter in Air

Ku, B. K., & de la Mora, J. F. (2009) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820802590510 · Cited by 121

Negative atmospheric ions and their potential role in ion‐induced nucleation

Eisele, F. L., Lovejoy, E. R., Kosciuch, E., Moore, K. F., Mauldin, R. L., SMITH, J. N. M., McMurry, P. H., & Iida, K. (2006) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2005jd006568 · Cited by 120

Estimating nanoparticle growth rates from size‐dependent charged fractions: Analysis of new particle formation events in Mexico City

Iida, K., Stolzenburg, M. R., McMurry, P. H., & SMITH, J. N. M. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jd009260 · Cited by 118

Atmospheric data over a solar cycle: no connection between galactic cosmic rays and new particle formation

Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Nieminen, T., Hulkkonen, M., Sogacheva, L., Manninen, H. E., Paasonen, P., Petäjä, T., Maso, M. D., Aalto, P. P., et al. (2010) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-10-1885-2010 · Cited by 97

Ultrafine Aerosol Measurement Using a Condensation Nucleus Counter with Pulse Height Analysis

Saros, M. T., Weber, R. J., Marti, J. J., & McMurry, P. H. (1996) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786829608965391 · Cited by 96

Time span and spatial scale of regional new particle formation events over Finland and Southern Sweden

Hussein, T., Junninen, H., Tunved, P., Kristensson, A., Maso, M. D., Riipinen, I., Aalto, P. P., Hansson, H., Swietlicki, E., & Kulmala, M. (2009) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-9-4699-2009 · Cited by 89

Connection of Sulfuric Acid to Atmospheric Nucleation in Boreal Forest

Nieminen, T., Manninen, H. E., Sihto, S. ‐., Yli‐Juuti, T., Mauldin, R. L., Petäjä, T., Riipinen, I., Kerminen, V., & Kulmala, M. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es803152j · Cited by 82

Laboratory Verification of PH-CPC's Ability to Monitor Atmospheric Sub-3 nm Clusters

Sipilä, M., Lehtipalo, K., Attoui, M. B., Neitola, K., Petäjä, T., Aalto, P. P., O'Dowd, C. D., & Kulmala, M. (2008) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820802506227 · Cited by 69

Measurement of ultrafine aerosol size distributions by a combination of diffusion screen separators and condensation particle counters

Feldpausch, P., Fiebig, M., Fritzsche, L., & Petzold, A. (2006) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.04.009 · Cited by 45

Marine particle nucleation: Observation at Bodega Bay, California

Wen, J., Zhao, Y., & Wexler, A. S. (2006) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2005jd006210 · Cited by 25

Spring recovery of photosynthesis and atmospheric particle formation

Maso, M. D., Hari, P. K. J., & Kulmala, M. (2024) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · doi:10.60910/by9p-k135 · Cited by 19

Submicrometer aerosol particle distributions in the upper troposphere over the mid-latitude North Atlantic—results from the third route of ‘CARIBIC’

Hermann, M., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Slemr, F., Heintzenberg, J., Martinsson, B. G., Schlager, H., van Velthoven, P. F. J., Wiedensohler, A., Zahn, A., & Ziereis, H. (2007) · Tellus B · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00323.x · Cited by 12

Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity

Yao, L., Garmash, O., Bianchi, F., Zheng, J., Yan, C., Kontkanen, J., Junninen, H., Mazon, S. B., Ehn, M., Paasonen, P., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aao4839 · Cited by 747

Atmospheric new particle formation and growth: review of field observations

Kerminen, V.-M., Chen, X., Vakkari, V., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., & Bianchi, F. (2018) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aadf3c · Cited by 665

A full year of aerosol size distribution data from the central Arctic under an extreme positive Arctic Oscillation: insights from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition

Boyer, M., Aliaga, D., Pernov, J. B., Angot, H., Quéléver, L. L. J., Dada, L., Heutte, B., Dall'Osto, M., Beddows, D. C. S., Brasseur, Z., et al. (2023) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-23-389-2023 · Cited by 52

The observed influence of local anthropogenic pollution on northern Alaskan cloud properties

Maahn, M., de Boer, G., Creamean, J. M., Feingold, G., McFarquhar, G. M., Wu, W., & Mei, F. (2017) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-17-14709-2017 · Cited by 32