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Base-pair-resolution genome-wide mapping of active RNA polymerases using precision nuclear run-on (PRO-seq)

Open access
Mahat, Dig Bijay, Kwak, Hojoong, Booth, Gregory T, Jonkers, Iris H, Danko, Charles G, Patel, Ravi K, Waters, Colin T, Munson, Katie, Core, Leighton J, Lis, John T·2016·Nature Protocols

Abstract

We provide a protocol for precision nuclear run-on sequencing (PRO-seq) and its variant, PRO-cap, which map the location of active RNA polymerases (PRO-seq) or transcription start sites (TSSs) (PRO-cap) genome-wide at high resolution. The density of RNA polymerases at a particular genomic locus directly reflects the level of nascent transcription at that region. Nuclei are isolated from cells and, under nuclear run-on conditions, transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerases incorporate one or, at most, a few biotin-labeled nucleotide triphosphates (biotin-NTPs) into the 3′ end of nascent RNA. The biotin-labeled nascent RNA is used to prepare sequencing libraries, which are sequenced from the 3′ end to provide high-resolution positional information for the RNA polymerases. PRO-seq provides much higher sensitivity than ChIP-seq, and it generates a much larger fraction of usable sequence reads than ChIP-seq or NET-seq (native elongating transcript sequencing). Similarly to NET-seq, PRO-seq maps the RNA polymerase at up to base-pair resolution with strand specificity, but unlike NET-seq it does not require immunoprecipitation. With the protocol provided here, PRO-seq (or PRO-cap) libraries for high-throughput sequencing can be generated in 4–5 working days. The method has been applied to human, mouse, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans cells and, with slight modifications, to yeast.

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Metadata

Authors
Mahat, D. B., Kwak, H., Booth, G. T., Jonkers, I. H., Danko, C. G., Patel, R. K., Waters, C. T., Munson, K., Core, L. J., & Lis, J. T.
Venue
Nature Protocols
Published
2016-07-21
Volume
11
Issue
8
Pages
1455-1476
ISSN
  • 1750-2799 (ISSN-L)
  • 1754-2189
OpenAlex
W2498392978
Cited by
508
References
37
FWCI
12.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Base-pair-resolution genome-wide mapping of active RNA polymerases using precision nuclear run-on (PRO-seq). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nprot.2016.086
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Mahat, D. B., Kwak, H., Booth, G. T., Jonkers, I. H., Danko, C. G., Patel, R. K., Waters, C. T., Munson, K., Core, L. J., & Lis, J. T. (2016). Base-pair-resolution genome-wide mapping of active RNA polymerases using precision nuclear run-on (PRO-seq). Nature Protocols. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2016.086

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