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Antifungal drug testing by combining minimal inhibitory concentration testing with target identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Müller, Christoph, Binder, Ulrike, Bracher, Franz, Giera, Martin·2017·Nature Protocols
DOI 10.1038/nprot.2017.005
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Abstract

Fungal infections and their increasing resistance to antibiotics are an emerging threat to public health. Novel antifungal drugs, as well technologies that can help us bolster the antimicrobial pipeline and understand resistance mechanisms, are needed. The ergosterol biosynthetic pathway is one potential target for antifungal drugs. Here we describe how antifungal susceptibility testing can be combined with target identification in distal ergosterol biosynthesis by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fungi are treated with sublethal doses of active components that block ergosterol biosynthesis, and the ergosterol biosynthesis intermediates are analyzed in a targeted metabolomics manner after derivatization (trimethylsilylation). Drug treatment results in distinct sterol patterns that are characteristic of the affected enzyme. Sterol identification based on relative retention times and electron ionization (EI) mass spectra, as well as semiquantitative assessment of ergosterol intermediates, is described. The protocol is applicable to yeasts and molds. The overall analysis time from incubation to test result is not more than 3 d. The assay can be used to determine whether an antifungal compound of interest targets sterol biosynthesis, and, if so, to determine which enzyme in the pathway it targets.

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Metadata

Authors
Müller, C., Binder, U., Bracher, F., & Giera, M.
Venue
Nature Protocols
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-04-06
Volume
12
Issue
5
Pages
947-963
ISSN
  • 1754-2189
  • 1750-2799
DOI
10.1038/nprot.2017.005
Cited by
83
References
1
Language
en
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