The biology and chemistry of antifungal agents: A review

Kathiravan, Muthu K; Salake, Amol B; Chothe, Aparna S; Dudhe, Prashik B; Watode, Rahul P; Mukta, Maheshwar S; Gadhwe, Sandeep

doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.045

Cited by 664Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Plant Pathogen ControlSynthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds

The biology and chemistry of antifungal agents: A review

Kathiravan, Muthu K, Salake, Amol B, Chothe, Aparna S, Dudhe, Prashik B, Watode, Rahul P, Mukta, Maheshwar S, Gadhwe, Sandeep·2012·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry

DOI 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.045

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In recent years their has been an increased use of antifungal agents and has resulted in the development of resistance to drugs. Currently, use of standard antifungal therapies can be limited because of toxicity, low efficacy rates. Different types of mechanisms contribute to the development of resistance to antifungals. This has given raise to search for a new heterocycle with distinct action or multitargeted combination therapy. This review addresses the areas such as the underlying mechanisms, eight different targets such as ergosterol synthesis, chitin synthesis, ergosterol disruptors, glucan synthesis, squalene epoxidase, nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, microtubules synthesis. The clinically employed drugs along with the current research work going on worldwide on different heterocycles are discussed. In recent advances various heterocycles including imidazole, benzimidazole etc., twenty three scaffolds and their lead identification are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.045

Cites

157 of 157 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Polyenes bind to and remove ergosterol from the fungal cell membrane, causing loss of membrane permeability, membrane leakage, and cell death.
“Their antimycotic action is mediated by direct binding to and removal of ergosterol present in the fungal cell membrane. This results in the loss of membrane permeability, subsequent membrane leakage, and eventually cell death [24].”
From Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Flucytosine is not used in monotherapy due to the rapid development of resistance towards this drug.
“Although the most effective and safest antimycotic in the health system [28], it is not used in monotherapy due to the rapid development of resistance towards this drug [24,29].”
From Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Only few classes of antifungal agents are currently available to treat mucosal or systemic infections with Candida spp.
“Although the antifungal drugs used in clinical treatments appear to be diverse and numerous, only few classes of antifungal agents are currently available to treat mucosal or systemic infections with Candida spp. (Figure 1) [18–20].”
From CandidaInfections, Causes, Targets, and Resistance Mechanisms: Traditional and Alternative Antifungal Agents (2013) · cites this paper as [19]

Treatment of Aspergillosis: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Walsh, T. J., Anaissie, E. J., Denning, D. W., Herbrecht, R., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Marr, K. A., Morrison, V. A., Segal, B. H., Steinbach, W. J., Stevens, D. A., et al. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/525258 · Cited by 2,685 · see citing works
Antifungal Agents: Mode of Action, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Correlation of These Mechanisms with Bacterial Resistance
Ghannoum, M. A., & Rice, L. B. (1999) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.12.4.501 · Cited by 1,788 · see citing works
Guidelines for Treatment of Candidiasis
Pappas, P. G., Rex, J. H., Sobel, J. D., Filler, S. G., Dismukes, W. E., Walsh, T. J., & Edwards, J. E. (2004) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/380796 · Cited by 1,440 · see citing works
Aspergillosis Case-Fatality Rate: Systematic Review of the Literature
Lin, S., Schranz, J., & Teutsch, S. M. (2001) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/318483 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Posaconazole or Fluconazole for Prophylaxis in Severe Graft-versus-Host Disease
Ullmann, A. J., Lipton, J. H., Vesole, D. H., Chandrasekar, P. H., Langston, A. A., Tarantolo, S., Greinix, H., de Azevedo, W. M., Reddy, V. S., Boparai, N., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa061098 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
Practice Guidelines for the Management of Cryptococcal Disease
Saag, M. S., Graybill, R. J., Larsen, R. A., Pappas, P. G., Perfect, J. R., Powderly, W. G., Sobel, J. D., Dismukes, W. E., & Mycoses Study Group Cryptococcal Subproject (2000) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/313757 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
A Randomized Trial Comparing Fluconazole with Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Candidemia in Patients without Neutropenia
Rex, J. H., Bennett, J. E., Sugar, A. M., Pappas, P. G., van der Horst, C. M., Edwards, J. E., Washburn, R. G., Scheld, W. M., Karchmer, A. W., Dine, A. P., et al. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199411173312001 · Cited by 1,039 · see citing works
Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with invasive mycoses improves efficacy and safety outcomes
Pascual, A., Calandra, T., Bolay, S., Buclin, T., Bille, J., & Marchetti, O. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/524669 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of voriconazole in the treatment of acute invasive aspergillosis
Denning, D. W., Ribaud, P., Milpied, N., Caillot, D., Herbrecht, R., Thiel, E., Haas, A., Ruhnke, M., & Lode, H. (2002) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/324620 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Fluconazole Prophylaxis for Fungal Infections after Marrow Transplantation--A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Slavin, M. A., Osborne, B., Adams, R. H., Levenstein, M. J., Schoch, H. G., Feldman, A. R., Meyers, J. D., & Bowden, R. A. (1995) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/171.6.1545 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Trends in the postmortem epidemiology of invasive fungal infections at a University Hospital
Groll, A. H., Shah, P. M., MENTZEL, C., Schneider, M., Just‐Nübling, G., & Huebner, K. (1996) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(96)92700-0 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
On the safety of Aspergillus niger - a review
Schuster, E., Dunn-Coleman, N. S., Frisvad, J. C., & van Dijck, P. W. M. (2002) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-002-1032-6 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Epidemiology ofAspergillusInfections in a Large Cohort of Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation
Wald, A., Leisenring, W., van Burik, J., & Bowden, R. A. (1997) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/516480 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Micafungin versus Fluconazole for Prophylaxis against Invasive Fungal Infections during Neutropenia in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
van Burik, J. H., Ratanatharathorn, V., Stepan, D. E., Miller, C. B., Lipton, J. H., Vesole, D. H., Bunin, N., Wall, D. A., Hiemenz, J., Satoi, Y., et al. (2004) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/422312 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance
Krcmery, V., & Barnes, A. J. (2002) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1053/jhin.2001.1151 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Rare and Emerging Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens: Concern for Resistance beyondCandida albicansandAspergillus fumigatus
Pfaller, M. A., & Diekema, D. J. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.42.10.4419-4431.2004 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Candidemia in Cancer Patients: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study by the Invasive Fungal Infection Group (IFIG) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
Viscoli, C., Girmenia, C., Marinus, A., Collette, L., Martino, P., Vandercam, B., Doyen, C., Lebeau, B., Spence, D., Krcmery, V., et al. (1999) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/514731 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
The ALS gene family of Candida albicans.
Hoyer, L. L. (2001) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(01)01984-9 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Antifungal agents: chemotherapeutic targets and immunologic strategies
Georgopapadakou, N. H., & Walsh, T. J. (1996) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.40.2.279 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF TUBULIN
Cleveland, D. W., & Sullivan, K. F. (1985) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.001555 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
The function of chitin synthases 2 and 3 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle.
Shaw, J. A., Mol, P. C., Bowers, B., Silverman, S. J., Valdivieso, M. ‐., Durán, A., & Cabib, E. (1991) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.114.1.111 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Overview of medically important antifungal azole derivatives
Fromtling, R. A. (1988) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.1.2.187 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Sphingolipid Synthesis as a Target for Antifungal Drugs
Nagiec, M. M., Nagiec, E. E., Baltisberger, J. A., Wells, G. B., Lester, R. L., & Dickson, R. C. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.15.9809 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with itraconazole
Denning, D. W., TUCKER, R. M., Hansen, L., & Stevens, D. A. (1989) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(89)90475-0 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Discovery of Novel Antifungal (1,3)-β- d -Glucan Synthase Inhibitors
Onishi, J. C., Meinz, M., Thompson, J. R., Curotto, J. E., Dreikorn, S., Rosenbach, M. J., Douglas, C. M., Abruzzo, G. K., Flattery, A. M., Kong, L., et al. (2000) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.44.2.368-377.2000 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Therapy for fungal diseases: opportunities and priorities
Denning, D. W., & Hope, W. W. (2010) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.02.004 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Uncommon opportunistic fungi: new nosocomial threats
Groll, A. H., & Walsh, T. J. (2001) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2001.tb00005.x · Cited by 304 · see citing works
An update on antifungal targets and mechanisms of resistance inCandidaalbicans
Akins, R. A. (2005) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/13693780500138971 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Posaconazole: a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal
Torres, H. A., Hachem, R. Y., Chemaly, R. F., Kontoyiannis, D. P., & RAAD, I. I. (2005) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70297-8 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Antifungal properties of new series of quinoline derivatives
Musioł, R., Jampílek, J., Buchta, V., et al. (2006) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.016 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Developing Aspergillus as a host for heterologous expression
Lubertozzi, D., & Keasling, J. D. (2008) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.001 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Novel 4-thiazolidinone derivatives as potential antifungal and antibacterial drugs
Omar, K., Geronikaki, A. A., Zoumpoulakis, P. G., et al. (2009) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.041 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen 143. Mitteilung. Echinocandin B, ein neuartiges Polypeptid‐Antibioticum aus Aspergillus nidulans var. echinulatus : Isolierung und Bausteine
Benz, F., Knüsel, F., Nüesch, J., Treichler, H. J., Voser, W., Nyfeler, R., & KELLER‐SCHIERLEIN, W. (1974) · Helvetica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1002/hlca.19740570818 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of some carbazole derivatives
Zhang, F., Gan, L., & Zhou, C. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.159 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Evaluation of the echinocandin antifungal MK-0991 (L-743,872): efficacies in mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis
Abruzzo, G. K., Flattery, A. M., Gill, C. J., Kong, L., Smith, J. G., Pikounis, V. B., Balkovec, J. M., Bouffard, A., Dropinski, J. F., Rosen, H., et al. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.11.2333 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
In Vitro Activity of Two Echinocandin Derivatives, LY303366 and MK-0991 (L-743,792), Against Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Other Filamentous Fungi
Pfaller, M. A., Marco, F., Messer, S. A., & Jones, R. N. (1998) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/s0732-8893(97)00246-0 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
In Vitro Activities of Ravuconazole and Voriconazole Compared with Those of Four Approved Systemic Antifungal Agents against 6,970 Clinical Isolates of Candida spp
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., & Diekema, D. J. (2002) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.46.6.1723-1727.2002 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Antifungals: mechanism of action and resistance, established and novel drugs
Georgopapadakou, N. H. (1998) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80087-8 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Posaconazole: A Broad-Spectrum Triazole Antifungal Agent
Nagappan, V., & Deresinski, S. C. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/523576 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Purification of yeast tubulin by self-assembly in vitro
Kilmartin, J. V. (1981) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00515a050 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Adverse events associated with itraconazole in 189 patients on chronic therapy
TUCKER, R. M., Haq, Y., Denning, D. W., & Stevens, D. A. (1990) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/26.4.561 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
The fungal cell wall as a drug target
Georgopapadakou, N. H. (1995) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(00)88890-3 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Synthesis of novel substituted tetrazoles having antifungal activity
Upadhayaya, R. S., Jain, S. R., Sinha, N., et al. (2004) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.03.004 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Microbial natural products as a source of antifungals
Vicente, M. F., Basilio, Á., Cabello, A., & Peláez, F. (2003) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00489.x · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Current and future antifungal therapy: new targets for antifungal agents
Andriole, V. T. (1999) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/44.2.151 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Evaluation of nikkomycins X and Z in murine models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis
Hector, R. F., Zimmer, B. L., & Pappagianis, D. (1990) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.34.4.587 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Candida albicans: a review of its history, taxonomy, epidemiology, virulence attributes, and methods of strain differentiation
McCullough, M. J., Ross, B. C., & Reade, P. C. (1996) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0901-5027(96)80060-9 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Update on Azole Antifungals
Zonios, D. I., & Bennett, J. E. (2008) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1063858 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Design, synthesis, and antifungal activity of triazole and benzotriazole derivatives
Rezaei, Z., Khabnadideh, S., Pakshir, K., Hossaini, Z., Amiri, F., & Assadpour, E. (2008) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.07.012 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Targeting virulence: A new paradigm for antifungals
Gauwerky, K. J., Borelli, C., & Körting, H. C. (2009) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2008.11.013 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Anidulafungin, an Echinocandin Antifungal
Dowell, J. A., Knebel, W., Ludden, T., Stogniew, M., Krause, D., & Henkel, T. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/0091270004265644 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives as antifungal and anticancer agents
Tandon, V. K., Chhor, R. B., Singh, R. V., et al. (2004) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.002 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Conservation between Human and Fungal Squalene Synthetases: Similarities in Structure, Function, and Regulation
Robinson, G. W., Tsay, Y. H., Kienzle, B. K., Smith-Monroy, C., & Bishop, R. W. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.5.2706 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Posaconazole
Keating, G. M. (2005) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200565110-00007 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Voriconazole -- better chances for patients with invasive mycoses.
Ghannoum, M. A., & Kuhn, D. M. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The echinocandin antifungals: an overview of the pharmacology, spectrum and clinical efficacy
Wiederhold, N. P., & Lewis, R. E. (2003) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.12.8.1313 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Overview of Antifungal Agents
Thompson, G. R., Cadena, J., & Patterson, T. F. (2009) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.001 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Folate-Synthesizing Enzyme System as Target for Development of Inhibitors and Inhibitor Combinations against Candida albicansSynthesis and Biological Activity of New 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines and 4‘-Substituted 4-Aminodiphenyl Sulfones
Otzen, T., Wempe, E., Kunz, B., et al. (2003) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm030931w · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hallucinations during Voriconazole Therapy
Zonios, D. I., Gea‐Banacloche, J., Childs, R., & Bennett, J. E. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/588844 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Keloids and hypertrophic scars
Murray, J. C. S., Pollack, S. V., & Pinnell, S. R. (1984) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/0738-081x(84)90035-x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Recent advances and challenges in the treatment of invasive fungal infections
Shao, P., Huang, L., & Hsueh, P. (2007) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.019 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Recent advances in antifungal chemotherapy
Petrikkos, G. L., & Skiada, A. (2007) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.009 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
From natural products to clinically useful antifungals
Barrett, D. G. (2002) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/s0925-4439(02)00085-6 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Molecular Modeling Studies of New Inverted Oxime Ethers of Oxiconazole
Rossello, A., Bertini, S., Lapucci, A., et al. (2002) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm020980t · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of electron-rich olefins derived benzimidazole compounds
Küçükbay, H., Durmaz, R., Orhan, E., et al. (2003) · Il Farmaco · doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00068-5 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Microwave assisted one pot synthesis of some novel 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as antifungal agents
Sangshetti, J. N., Chabukswar, A. R., & Shinde, D. B. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.120 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Echinocandins for Candidemia in Adults without Neutropenia
Bennett, J. E. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmct060052 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Design and synthesis of fluconazole/bile acid conjugate using click reaction
Pore, V. S., Aher, N. G., Kumar, M., & Shukla, P. K. (2006) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.021 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Synthesis and evaluation of some new fluorinated hydroquinazoline derivatives as antifungal agents
Ghorab, M. M., Abdel‐Gawad, S. M., & El-Gaby, M. S. A. (2000) · Il Farmaco · doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(00)00029-x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
2-Hydroxyphenacyl azoles and related azolium derivatives as antifungal agents
Emami, S., Foroumadi, A., Falahati, M., et al. (2007) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.111 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Antifúngicos: mecanismo de acción en células de levaduras
Quindós, G., Giusiano, G., Ezkurra, P. A., & Muñoz, A. J. C. (2006) · Revista española de quimioterapia. Suplemento · Cited by 102 · see citing works
In vitro activity of a new semisynthetic echinocandin, LY-303366, against systemic isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Aspergillus species
Zhanel, G. G., Karlowsky, J. A., Harding, G. A., Balko, T. V., Zelenitsky, S. A., Friesen, M. H., Kabani, A. M., Turik, M. A., & Hoban, D. J. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.4.863 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Current and future antifungal therapy: New targets for antifungal therapy
Andriole, V. T. (2000) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00258-2 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Synthesis of new 4-isopropylthiazole hydrazide analogs and some derived clubbed triazole, oxadiazole ring systems – A novel class of potential antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular agents
Mallikarjuna, B. P., Sastry, B. S., Kumar, G. V. S., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.06.008 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Activity of a new triazole, Sch 56592, compared with those of four other antifungal agents tested against clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., & Jones, R. N. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.2.233 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
3-[Benzimidazo- and 3-[benzothiadiazoleimidazo-(1,2-c)quinazolin-5-yl]-2H-chromene-2-ones as potent antimicrobial agents
Kuarm, B. S., Reddy, Y. T., Madhav, J. V., et al. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.082 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Fungal beta-glucan interacts with vitronectin and stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha release from macrophages
Olson, E. J., Standing, J. E., Griego-Harper, N., Hoffman, O. A., & LIMPER, A. H. (1996) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.64.9.3548-3554.1996 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Indium(III) chloride catalyzed three-component coupling reaction: A novel synthesis of 2-substituted aryl(indolyl)kojic acid derivatives as potent antifungal and antibacterial agents
Reddy, B. V. S., Reddy, M. R., Madan, C., et al. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of amphotericin B in rats following oral administration in a novel lipid-based formulation
Gershkovich, P., Wasan, E. K., Lin, M., Sivak, O., Leon, C. G., Clement, J. G., & Wasan, K. M. (2009) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkp140 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR study of some 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one and 3-hydroxypyran-4-one derivatives
Fassihi, A., Abedi, D., Saghaie, L., Sabet, R., Fazeli, H., Bostaki, G., Deilami, O., & Sadinpour, H. (2008) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.10.022 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Synthesis of some N-substituted nitroimidazole derivatives as potential antioxidant and antifungal agents
Olender, D., Żwawiak, J., Лук’янчук, В. Д., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.05.016 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]-thiazine-5,10-diones and 3-substituted-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl-thioalkanoate derivatives: Synthesis and biological evaluation as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents
Tandon, V. K., Maurya, H. K., Yadav, D. B., et al. (2006) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.060 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Antifungal agents. Part 4: Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel indole[1,2-c]-1,2,4-benzotriazine derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi in vitro
Xu, H., & Fan, L. (2010) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.10.022 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
New azoles with potent antifungal activity: Design, synthesis and molecular docking
Che, X., Sheng, C., Wang, W., Cao, Y., Xu, Y., Ji, H., Dong, G., Miao, Z., Yao, J., & Zhang, W. (2009) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.05.018 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
In Vitro Activities of Ravuconazole (BMS-207147) against 541 Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans
Yamazumi, T., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A. K., Hollis, R. J., & Jones, R. N. (2000) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.44.10.2883-2886.2000 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activities of new fluconazole analogues with azaheterocycle moiety
Lebouvier, N., Pagniez, F., Duflos, M., et al. (2007) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.038 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of the antifungal activities of dihydropyrimidinones
Singh, O. M., Singh, S. J., Devi, M. B., et al. (2008) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.063 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Synthesis and antiparasitic and antifungal evaluation of 2′-arylsubstituted-1H,1′H-[2,5′]bisbenzimidazolyl-5-carboxamidines
Alp, M., Göker, H., Brun, R., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.10.003 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Antifungal activity of the echinocandin anidulafungin (VER002, LY-303366) against yeast pathogens: a comparative study with M27-A microdilution method
Arévalo, M. P. (2002) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkg018 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Molecular and biochemical characterization of Trichoderma isolates inhibiting a phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem
Gajera, H. P., & Vakharia, D. N. (2010) · Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.04.005 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Structure−Activity Relationships of Coruscanone A Analogues
Babu, K. S., Li, X., Jacob, M. R., Zhang, Q., Khan, S. I., Ferreira, D., & Clark, A. M. (2006) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm061123i · Cited by 65 · see citing works
5-Nitroimidazole derivatives as possible antibacterial and antifungal agents
Günay, N. S., Çapan, G., Ulusoy-Güzeldemirci, N., et al. (1999) · Il Farmaco · doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00109-3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Synthesis and in vitro antifungal and cytotoxicity evaluation of substituted 4,5-dihydronaphtho[1,2-d][1,2,3]thia(or selena)diazoles
Jalilian, A. R., Sattari, S., Bineshmarvasti, M., et al. (2003) · Il Farmaco · doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(02)00029-0 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
New small-size peptides possessing antifungal activity
Garibotto, F. M., Garro, A., Masman, M. F., Rodrı́guez, A. M., Luiten, P. G. M., Raimondi, M., Zacchino, S. A., Somlai, C., Penke, B., & Enriz, R. D. (2009) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2009.11.009 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Novel 2-Aminotetralin Derivatives
Bin, Y., Ji, H., Cao, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhu, J., Lü, J., Li, Y., Chen, J., Zheng, C., Jiang, Y., et al. (2007) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm0701167 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activity of some novel 3-[5-(4-substituted phenyl) 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-2-styryl quinazoline-4(3H)-ones
Jatav, V., Kashaw, S. K., & Mishra, P. (2007) · Medicinal Chemistry Research · doi:10.1007/s00044-007-9047-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Adverse Drug Reactions to Systemic Antifungals Prevention and Management
Perfect, J. R., Lindsay, M. H., & Drew, R. H. (1992) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-199207050-00003 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of isosteric analogues of benzoheterocyclic N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors
Sheng, C., Xu, H., Wang, W., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.03.007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activity of 1H-indole-4,7-diones
Ryu, C., Lee, J. Y., Park, R.-E., Ma, M.-Y., & Nho, J. (2006) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.076 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Fluconazole analogues containing 2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one or 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one moieties, a novel class of anti-Candida agents
Borate, H. B., Maujan, S. R., Sawargave, S. P., et al. (2009) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.071 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activity of benzofuran-5-ols
Ryu, C., Song, A. L., Lee, J. Y., et al. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.129 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Design, synthesis and in vitro antibacterial/antifungal evaluation of novel 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7(1-piperazinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives
Yu, Z., Shi, G., Sun, Q., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.05.028 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Acetazolamide-based fungal chitinase inhibitors
Schüttelkopf, A. W., Gros, L., Blair, D. E., Frearson, J. A., van Aalten, D. M. F., & Gilbert, I. H. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.062 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Carboxylic acid and phosphate ester derivatives of fluconazole: synthesis and antifungal activities
Nam, N., Sardari, S., Selecky, M., & Parang, K. (2004) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.049 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of 1-(1H-indol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols as antifungal agents
Lebouvier, N., Giraud, F., Corbin, T., et al. (2006) · Tetrahedron Letters · doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.199 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Structure–activity relationship study of homoallylamines and related derivatives acting as antifungal agents
Suvire, F. D., Sortino, M. A., Kouznetsov, V. V., et al. (2005) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2005.10.036 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activity of 6-hydroxycinnolines
Ryu, C., & Lee, J. Y. (2006) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
What Is the "Therapeutic Range" for Voriconazole?
Lewis, R. E. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/524670 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Antifungals: what's in the pipeline
Tkacz, J. S. (2001) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00248-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Antifungal Agents
Lóránd, T., & Kocsis, B. (2007) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/138955707781662672 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Synthesis of some novel 2-substituted benzoxazoles as anticancer, antifungal, and antimicrobial agents
Jauhari, P. K., Bhavani, A. K. D., Varalwar, S., et al. (2008) · Medicinal Chemistry Research · doi:10.1007/s00044-007-9076-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Synthesis and Antifungal Action of New Tricyclazole Analogues
Mares, D., Romagnoli, C., Andreotti, E., et al. (2004) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf030695y · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Synthesis of some N-alkyl substituted urea derivatives as antibacterial and antifungal agents
Zheng, Q., Cheng, K., Zhang, X., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.03.027 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Synthesis, spectral analysis and in vitro microbiological evaluation of 3-(3-alkyl-2,6-diarylpiperin-4-ylidene)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones as a new class of antibacterial and antifungal agents
Thanusu, J., Kanagarajan, V., & Gopalakrishnan, M. (2009) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.074 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activity of substituted-10-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indoles
Tiwari, R. K., Verma, A. K., Chhillar, A. K., Singh, D., Singh, J., Sankar, V. K., Yadav, V., Sharma, G. L., & Chandra, R. (2006) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.054 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Synthesis and study of antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel 8-methyl-7,9-diaryl-1,2,4,8-tetraazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-thiones
Balasubramanian, S., Ramalingan, C., Aridoss, G., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.02.001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activity of new 1-halogenobenzyl-3-imidazolylmethylindole derivatives
Na, Y. M. (2003) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0223-5234(02)00005-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activity of some substituted phenothiazines and related compounds
Sarmiento, G. P., Vitale, R. G., Afeltra, J., Moltrasio, G. Y., & Moglioni, A. G. (2010) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.10.019 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Antibacterial, antifungal and anticonvulsant evaluation of novel newly synthesized 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles
Rajasekaran, A., Murugesan, S., & Kalusalingam, A. (2006) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/bf02969261 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Antifungal agents: their diversity and increasing sophistication
Odds, F. C. (2003) · Mycologist · doi:10.1017/s0269915x03002064 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Fungal Pathogens Research: Novel and Improved Molecular Approaches for the Discovery of Antifungal Drug Targets
Tournu, H., Serneels, J., & Dijck, P. V. (2005) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/138945005774912690 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A one-year survey of candidemia in Belgium in 2002
Swinne, D., Watelle, M., Suetens, C., Mertens, K., Fonteyne, P.-A., & NOLARD, N. (2004) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s095026880400295x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Penetratin and derivatives acting as antifungal agents
Masman, M. F., Rodríguez, A. M., Raimondi, M., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.02.019 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
2-Acylhydrazino-5-arylpyrrole derivatives: Synthesis and antifungal activity evaluation
Onnis, V., Logu, A. D., Cocco, M. T., Fadda, R., Meleddu, R., & Congiu, C. (2008) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.08.003 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Current state of three-dimensional characterisation of antifungal targets and its use for molecular modelling in drug design
Ruge, E., Körting, H. C., & Borelli, C. (2005) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.006 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Synthesis of novel isoxazolidine derivatives and studies for their antifungal properties
Ravikumar, K. (2003) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0223-5234(03)00077-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Stability indicating methods for the determination of aceclofenac
Hasan, N. Y., Abdel-Elkawy, M., Elzeany, B. E., et al. (2003) · Il Farmaco · doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01271-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
One-pot synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles
Rauf, A., Sharma, S., & Gangal, S. (2007) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2007.11.026 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Distribution of Candida albicans genotypes among family members
Mehta, S. K., Stevens, D. A., Mishra, S. K., et al. (1999) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/s0732-8893(98)00100-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolinium and 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds: Synthesis and evaluation against opportunistic fungal pathogens
Boateng, C. A., Eyunni, S., Zhu, X. Y., et al. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.008 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Future of antimycotic therapy
Ghannoum, M. A. (1997) · Dermatologic Therapy · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Synthesis of Sulfur- and Sulfoxide-Substituted 2,3-Oxidosqualenes and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of 2,3-Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase
Zheng, Y., Oehlschlager, A. C., Georgopapadakou, N. H., et al. (1995) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00107a011 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Carabrone Derivatives
Feng, J., Ma, Z., Li, J., et al. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15096485 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Antifungal agents. Part 5: Synthesis and antifungal activities of aminoguanidine derivatives of N-arylsulfonyl-3-acylindoles
Xu, H., & Wang, Y. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.084 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activities in vitro of novel pyrazino [2,1-a] isoquinolin derivatives
Tang, H. R., Zheng, C., Lv, J., Wu, J., Li, Y., Yang, H., Fu, B., Li, C., Zhou, Y., & Zhu, J. (2009) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.050 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Synthesis of Novel D-Glucose-derived Benzyl and Alkyl 1,2,3-Triazoles as Potential Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents
Wei, J., Jin, L., Wan, K., et al. (2011) · Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.1.229 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Antifungal 3,5-disubstituted furanones: From 5-acyloxymethyl to 5-alkylidene derivatives
Šenel, P., Tichotová, L., Votruba, I., et al. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.030 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
QSAR model for predicting the fungicidal action of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives against Candida albicans
Singla, R. K., & Varadaraj Bhat, G. (2010) · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.3109/14756360903524296 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of 3-aryl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives
Shekarchi, M., Pirali‐Hamedani, M., Navidpour, L., et al. (2008) · Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society · doi:10.1007/bf03245828 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Design of new antifungal agents: synthesis and evaluation of 1-[(1H-indol-5-ylmethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols
Guillon, R., Giraud, F., Logé, C., et al. (2009) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.089 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Importance of Phenolic Address Groups in Opioid Kappa Receptor Selective Antagonists
Thomas, J. B., Fix, S. E., Rothman, R. B., et al. (2004) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm030467v · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal activity of noble 5-arylamino- and 6-arylthio-4,7-dioxobenzoselenazoles
Ryu, C., Han, J., Jung, O., et al. (2004) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.027 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The development of 3D-QSAR study and recursive partitioning of heterocyclic quinone derivatives with antifungal activity
Choi, S.-Y., Shin, J. H., Ryu, C., et al. (2005) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2005.10.010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ecofriendly Synthesis of Antifungal Azoles
Kidwai, M., & Mohan, R. (2004) · Journal of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.5012/jkcs.2004.48.2.177 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Present situation in the treatment of invasive fungal infection
Pauw, B. E. D., & Picazo, J. J. (2008) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(08)70020-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal evaluation of 6-hydroxy-1H-carbazole-1,4(9H)-diones
Ryu, C., Lee, S.-Y., Kim, N. Y., et al. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.124 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of novel triazole derivatives
Zhao, Q. J., Song, Y., Hu, H., et al. (2007) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2007.04.019 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Synthesis and antifungal properties of N-[(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-ylmethyl]-1H-imidazol-1-amine derivatives
Setzu, M. G., Stefancich, G., Colla, P. L., et al. (2002) · Il Farmaco · doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01294-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Synthesis and in vitro antifungal activities of new 3-substituted benzopyrone derivatives
Lv, Z., Sheng, C., Zhang, Y., et al. (2010) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.072 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization of some Schiff base complexes derived from 2-methylcyclohexanone and their activity against some fungi
Kumar, U., & Chandra, S. (2010) · Journal of Saudi Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2010.08.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
[A new generation of antifungal drugs].
Carrillo-Muñoz, A. J., Brió, S., & Quindós, G. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of novel triazole antifungal compounds
He, Q. Q., Li, K., Cao, Y. B., et al. (2007) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2007.04.025 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Recent advances in the synthesis of antifungal agents
Barrett, A. G. M., Doubleday, W. W., Hamprecht, D. W., et al. (1997) · Pure and Applied Chemistry · doi:10.1351/pac199769030383 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Combination antifungal treatment of pseudomembranous tracheobronchial invasive aspergillosis: a case report
Rosa, F. G. D., Terragni, P., Pasero, D., Trompeo, A. C., Urbino, R., Barbui, A. M., Perri, G. D., & Ranieri, V. M. (2009) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-009-1546-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Differential Gene Expression in Auristatin PHE-Treated Cryptococcus neoformans
Woyke, T., Berens, M. E., Hoelzinger, D. B., Pettit, G. R., Winkelmann, G., & Pettit, R. K. (2004) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.48.2.561-567.2004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Synthesis and Activity of Novel 1-Halogenobenzylindole Linked Triazole Derivatives as Antifungal Agents
Na, Y.-M. (2011) · Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.1.307 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Design, synthesis of novel antifungal triazole derivatives with high activities against Aspergillus fumigatus
He, Q. Q., Liu, C. M., Li, K., et al. (2007) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2007.02.011 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Mechanisms of Antifungal Drug Resistance
Cowen, L. E., Sanglard, D., Howard, S. J., Rogers, P. D., & Perlin, D. S. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a019752 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis
Scorzoni, L., de Paula e Silva, A. C. A., Marcos, C. M., Assato, P. A., de Melo, W. C. M. A., de Oliveira, H. C., Costa-Orlandi, C. B., Mendes-Giannini, M. J. S., & Fusco-Almeida, A. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00036 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
CandidaInfections, Causes, Targets, and Resistance Mechanisms: Traditional and Alternative Antifungal Agents
Spampinato, C., & Leonardi, D. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/204237 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
History of the development of antifungal azoles: A review on structures, SAR, and mechanism of action
Shafiei, M., Peyton, L., Hashemzadeh, M., & Foroumadi, A. (2020) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104240 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens
Ksiezopolska, E., & Gabaldón, T. (2018) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes9090461 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Unraveling the Biology of a Fungal Meningitis Pathogen Using Chemical Genetics
Brown, J. C. S., Nelson, J., VanderSluis, B., Deshpande, R., Butts, A., Kagan, S., Polacheck, I., Krysan, D. J., Myers, C. L., & Madhani, H. D. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.044 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hepatocellular Toxicity of Imidazole and Triazole Antimycotic Agents
Haegler, P., Joerin, L., Krähenbühl, S., & Bouitbir, J. (2017) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfx029 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Antifungal effects of statins
Tavakkoli, A., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2020) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107483 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Antifungal combinations in Mucorales: A microbiological perspective
Schwarz, P., Cornely, O. A., & Dannaoui, E. (2019) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.12909 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
A Novel Sterol-Signaling Pathway Governs Azole Antifungal Drug Resistance and Hypoxic Gene Repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Serratore, N. D., Baker, K. M., Macadlo, L. A., Gress, A. R., Powers, B. L., Atallah, N., Westerhouse, K. M., Hall, M. C., Weake, V. M., & Briggs, S. D. (2018) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.117.300554 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Optimization of Polyene-Azole Combination Therapy against Aspergillosis Using an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model
Siopi, M., Siafakas, N., Vourli, S., Zerva, L., & Meletiadis, J. (2015) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.05035-14 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

A novel sequence element is involved in the transcriptional regulation of expression of the ERG1 (squalene epoxidase) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Leber, R., Zenz, R., Schröttner, K., Fuchsbichler, S., Pühringer, B., & Turnowsky, F. (2001) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01940.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Terbinafine: Mode of action and properties of the squalene epoxidase inhibition
Ryder, N. S. (1992) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00001.x · Cited by 440 · see citing works
FEN2: A gene implicated in the catabolite repression-mediated regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast
Marcireau, C., Joets, J., Pousset, D., Guilloton, M., & Karst, F. (1996) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199605)12:6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Enhanced squalene production by modulation of pathways consuming squalene and its precursor
Tominaga, M., Miyazaki, K., Hataya, S., Mitsui, Y., Kuroda, S., Kondo, A., & Ishii, J. (2022) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.04.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effect of Fluconazole and Terbinafine on the Activities of Lanosterol 14 α-Demethylase and Squalene Epoxidase in Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway
(2014) · Egyptian Journal of Botany · doi:10.21608/ejbo.2014.490 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Authors: Kathiravan, M. K., Salake, A. B., Chothe, A. S., Dudhe, P. B., Watode, R. P., Mukta, M. S., & Gadhwe, S.
Affiliations: Savitribai Phule Pune University (IN)
Corresponding author: Kathiravan, Muthu K
ORCID: Kathiravan, Muthu K
Dudhe, Prashik B
Venue: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-10
Volume: 20
Issue: 19
Pages: 5678-5698
ISSN: 0968-0896 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.045
OpenAlex: W2075093963
Cited by: 664
References: 157
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 5.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2013-02-01)
erratum (2013-03-01)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
Keywords: antifungal agents, antifungal resistance, fungal cell wall biosynthesis, ergosterol biosynthesis, chitin synthesis, glucan synthesis, squalene epoxidase, nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, heterocyclic scaffolds, imidazole, benzimidazole, antifungal toxicity
MeSH terms: Animals, Antifungal Agents, Azoles, Fungi, Humans, Imidazoles, Mycoses

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The biology and chemistry of antifungal agents: A review

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks