The DOI matches its Crossref record; 192 of the 192 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Insomnia disorder
Abstract
Insomnia disorder affects a large proportion of the population on a situational, recurrent or chronic basis and is among the most common complaints in medical practice. The disorder is predominantly characterized by dissatisfaction with sleep duration or quality and difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep, along with substantial distress and impairments of daytime functioning. It can present as the chief complaint or, more often, co-occurs with other medical or psychiatric disorders, such as pain and depression. Persistent insomnia has been linked with adverse long-term health outcomes, including diminished quality of life and physical and psychological morbidity. Despite its high prevalence and burden, the aetiology and pathophysiology of insomnia is poorly understood. In the past decade, important changes in classification and diagnostic paradigms have instigated a move from a purely symptom-based conceptualization to the recognition of insomnia as a disorder in its own right. These changes have been paralleled by key advances in therapy, with generic pharmacological and psychological interventions being increasingly replaced by approaches that have sleep-specific and insomnia-specific therapeutic targets. Psychological and pharmacological therapies effectively reduce the time it takes to fall asleep and the time spent awake after sleep onset, and produce a modest increase in total sleep time; these are outcomes that correlate with improvements in daytime functioning. Despite this progress, several challenges remain, including the need to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie insomnia and to develop more cost-effective, efficient and accessible therapies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the consensus from those studies is that 30–36% of adults report having at least one nighttime sleep-related symptom of insomnia, while 10–15% of the population has at least one nighttime sleep-related and one daytime fatigue-related symptom of insomnia [26,37].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“the consensus from those studies is that 30–36% of adults report having at least one nighttime sleep-related symptom of insomnia, while 10–15% of the population has at least one nighttime sleep-related and one daytime fatigue-related symptom of insomnia [26,37].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Thus, the prevalence of poor sleep quality ranges depending on the assessment and the working schedule of the firefighters but is typically higher than the general population of the area [10,11,26,45].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“There is a strong amount of evidence linking insomnia as a risk factor for depression [26].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research
Bastien, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 · Cited by 8,067
Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., et al. (2004) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077 · Cited by 7,234
Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine
Kryger, M. H., Roth, T. G., & Dement, W. C. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-59875-3 · Cited by 5,118
Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.601 · Cited by 4,620
Self-citationEpidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743
Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C., & Vitiello, M. V. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255 · Cited by 3,349
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
Saper, C. B., Scammell, T. E., & Lu, J. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04284 · Cited by 2,804
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011 · Cited by 2,779
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Riemann, D. et al. REM sleep instability — a new pathway for insomnia? Pharmacopsychiatry 45, 167–176 (2012).
- Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D. & Wilson, K. G. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Second Edition: The Process and Practice of Mindful Change (Guilford Press, 2011).
- Spielman, A. J., Saskin, P. & Thorpy, M. J. Treatment of chronic insomnia by restriction of time in bed. Sleep 10, 45–56 (1987).
- Léger, D., Massuel, M.-A. & Metlaine, A. Professional correlates of insomnia. Sleep 29, 171–178 (2006).
- Katz, D. A. & McHorney, C. A. The relationship between insomnia and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness. J. Fam. Pract. 51, 229–235 (2002).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–744 of 744
Rodríguez-Cordero, J. A., Avilés, M. D., Rodriguez‐Fernandez, I. A., Ghezzi, A., Lizardi-Ortiz, J. E., & Agosto, J. L. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0337303
Neural processing of emotional stimuli before and after cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
Xu, Z., Schiel, J. E., Petri, R., Konzen, N., Davoodabadi, A., Schmid, S. R., Feige, B., Maier, S., Feige, U., Frase, L., et al. (2026) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108964
Self-citationHu, L., Zhao, C., Wang, T., Xue, C., Wang, S., Liu, C., Zhang, T., Lu, X., Cao, Y., & Pan, J. (2026) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-08214-9
Liu, S., Chen, H., Shen, X., Lun, H., Fan, J., Wang, W., Guangxia, S. H. I., & Liu, Z. (2026) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s598575
Su, H., Bai, J., Liang, S., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1682122
EEG microstates during wake and NREM sleep in insomnia disorder
Long, Y., Yao, P., Zou, G., Guo, Y., Shao, Y., Li, Y., Liu, J., Zhou, S., Xu, J., Sun, H., et al. (2026) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111718 · Cited by 1
Parent‐Lamarche, A., & Saade, S. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053261439926
Rawcliffe, A. J., & Pereira, S. I. R. (2026) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108974
Albert, E., Mikhael‐Moussa, H., Wuestenberghs, F., Leroi, A., Netchitaïlo, M., Gourcerol, G., Trindade, I. A., Desprez, C., & Melchior, C. (2026) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.70336
Network analysis of burnout, depression, and insomnia among Iranian nurses
Kharatzadeh, H., Farahani, H., & Khorasani, P. (2026) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2026.2634139
Network pharmacology analysis of Giant Knotweed Rhizome in sleep disorders
Ren, S., Shou, Y.-L., & Liao, Y.-F. (2026) · Integrate Medicine · doi:10.61958/imru8157
Meißner, K. (2026) · Chinesische Medizin / Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00052-026-00191-0
Self-critical perfectionism and sleep disturbance: The moderating role of anxiety
Lee, J. H., & Suh, H. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09458-y
Inhibitory control deficits in insomnia with objective short sleep duration
Zhang, H., Lv, Z., & Lei, X. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09591-8
The Hypnotic Effect of Spinosin Is Mediated by Adenosine A2A Receptors in Male Mice
Zhang, J., Zhang, H., 赵, 文., Li, L., & Chu, L. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18111785
Fu, J., Ci, Y., Yan, Z., & Xu, X. (2026) · International Conference on Big Data and Informatization Education (ICBDIE) · doi:10.1145/3806980.3807129
Schmid, S. R., Blume, C., Ell, J., Konzen, N., Apweiler, M., Feige, B., Fiebich, B. L., Schiel, J. E., Domschke, K., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2026) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70357
Self-citationSayyah, M. (2026) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581596.2026.2683749
Insomnia, proteomic characteristics, and mortality risk in depression: a UK Biobank study
Liu, X. Y., Xu, H., Zhu, X., Tu, J., Lin, K., & Guo, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-08270-z
Li, S. X., Long, Q., Huang, D., & Mao, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1835178
Wang, Y., Wu, D., Liu, Y., Qu, S., Chen, Y., Chu, H., Sun, H., & Li, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1863957
Shan, H., Wang, C., Cao, D., Long, Y., Huang, X., Meng, J., Shen, Z., Zhang, X., & Ren, Q. (2026) · Sleep research. · doi:10.1002/slp2.70049
Alsehli, A. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1815042
Zhang, Z., Ning, B., He, L., Lei, Y., Zheng, Z., Jia, L., Zhang, Y., He, W., Chen, H., Zhang, Z., et al. (2026) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2026.122186
Research Progress of Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block for Insomnia
牛, 志. (2026) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2026.1672723
Hernández, M., Lassale, C. M., Camps‐Vilaró, A., Fernández‐Sanlés, A., Polo-Alonso, S., Huertas, M., Hernando‐Redondo, J., Fornara, E., Álvarez, E. C., Zerón-Rugerio, M. F., et al. (2026) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70411
Non-blistering psoriasiform pemphigus foliaceus mimicking psoriasis: a diagnostic challenge
Elsebaei, M., Carver, E., Bell, G., Lee, Y., Mikhaiel, E., & Bhide, J. (2026) · Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1007/s44162-026-00227-w
Liang, R., Zhang, X., Li, H., Li, Z., Hu, Y., Ma, L., Liang, Z., & Liu, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1827554
Riemann, D. W., & Bergmann, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-15270-2.00009-0
Self-citationBedtime Audiobook Listening Motives and Insomnia Status: Survey Study
Berglund, K., Meth, E. M. S., Xue, P., & Benedict, C. (2026) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/95064
Binda, S., Auclair‐Ouellet, N., Kassem, O., Ivers, H., Milev, R. V., Lamy, M., Chen, S., Oula, M.-L., & Morin, C. M. (2026) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109223
Self-citationThe use of Drosophila to study sleep impairments in stimulant use disorder
Miles, M., Karatas, M., & Rothenfluh, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1913395
Zhu, F., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Yin, S., Tingting, M., Yang, B., Wang, T., Ji, Q., Zhong, Y., Kim, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122469
Ou, Z., Dai, J., Zhong, C., Chen, S., Zhou, L., Deng, Y., He, M., Chen, Y. X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1940440
Insomnia treatment preferences of older adults and people living with dementia: A qualitative study
McEvoy, A. M., Reeve, E., Ride, J., Langford, A. V., Lee, K. M. K., Loh, S., & Turner, J. P. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261487350
Frequency‐Enhanced Single‐Channel EEG Sleep Staging via Cross‐Frequency Interaction
Zhou, H., Liu, A., Cui, H., Phang, C., Wan, F., Wang, Y., & Chen, X. (2026) · Expert Systems · doi:10.1111/exsy.70439
Wu, S., Ruan, J., Ho, H. C., Chen, H., Ho, F. Y., Ma, C. F., Lo, H. K. Y., Yu, D. J., & Yeung, W. (2026) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2026.102775
Yan, S., Lu, M., Sun, P., Wan, R., Ge, Y., Yan, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, M., Xu, X., Wu, Y., et al. (2026) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.70195
Jones, B., Smith-Mason, C. E., Medalie, L., Minnick, A. M., & Gozal, D. (2026) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmag080
Disrupted fear regulation in insomnia disorder revealed by arousal estimation from skin conductance
Hwang, T., Khazaei, S., Pace-Schott, E. F., Bottary, R. M., & Faghih, R. T. (2026) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000720
Gong, L., Liu, D., Zhang, B., Li, H., He, Y., Xu, R., Zhou, W., & Xi, C. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71830
Díaz, M. J. F. (2026) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-026-00468-z
Wynhoven, I. B., Sepúlveda, S. V., Lara, R. B. B., & Vélez, G. O. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1782308
BindingDB Entry 50018239: Synthetic Approaches to the New Drugs Approved during 2019.
BindingDB (2024) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q29p35t8
Metadata
- Authors
- Morin, C. M., Drake, C. L., Harvey, A. G., Krystal, A. D., Manber, R., Riemann, D., & Spiegelhalder, K.
- Affiliations
- Université Laval (CA)
- Henry Ford Hospital (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Morin, Charles M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers
- Published
- 2015-09-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15026-15026
- ISSN
- 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4211107190
- Cited by
- 746
- References
- 191
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP42504)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH091053, R01MH105513)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- insomnia, sleep onset insomnia, sleep maintenance insomnia, insomnia classification, insomnia pathophysiology, insomnia treatment, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, quality of life, comorbid depression, chronic insomnia
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Depression, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Pain, Quality of Life, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
