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Cited by 853

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 251 of the 251 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Clostridium difficile infection

Open access
Smits, Wiep Klaas, Lyras, Dena, Lacy, D. Borden, Wilcox, Mark H., Kuijper, Ed J.·2016·Nature Reviews Disease Primers

Abstract

Infection of the colon with the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium difficile is potentially life threatening, especially in elderly people and in patients who have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota following antimicrobial drug exposure. C. difficile is the leading cause of health-care-associated infective diarrhoea. The life cycle of C. difficile is influenced by antimicrobial agents, the host immune system, and the host microbiota and its associated metabolites. The primary mediators of inflammation in C. difficile infection (CDI) are large clostridial toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), and, in some bacterial strains, the binary toxin CDT. The toxins trigger a complex cascade of host cellular responses to cause diarrhoea, inflammation and tissue necrosis — the major symptoms of CDI. The factors responsible for the epidemic of some C. difficile strains are poorly understood. Recurrent infections are common and can be debilitating. Toxin detection for diagnosis is important for accurate epidemiological study, and for optimal management and prevention strategies. Infections are commonly treated with specific antimicrobial agents, but faecal microbiota transplants have shown promise for recurrent infections. Future biotherapies for C. difficile infections are likely to involve defined combinations of key gut microbiota.

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Metadata

Authors
Smits, W. K., Lyras, D., Lacy, D. B., Wilcox, M. H., & Kuijper, E. J.
Venue
Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Published
2016-04-07
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
16020-16020
ISSN
2056-676X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2182683962
Cited by
853
References
251
FWCI
10.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clostridium difficile infection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nrdp.2016.20
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Smits, W. K., Lyras, D., Lacy, D. B., Wilcox, M. H., & Kuijper, E. J. (2016). Clostridium difficile infection. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.20

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.