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Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs.
Abstract
Antipsychotic medications can induce cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities (such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome) that are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Controversy remains about the contribution of individual antipsychotic drugs to this increased risk and whether they cause sudden cardiac death through prolongation of the corrected QT interval. Although some drug receptor-binding affinities correlate with specific cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities, the exact pharmacological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Antipsychotic agents with prominent metabolic adverse effects might cause abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism via both obesity-related and obesity-unrelated molecular mechanisms. Despite existing guidelines and recommendations, many antipsychotic-drug-treated patients are not assessed for even the most easily measurable metabolic and cardiac risk factors, such as obesity and blood pressure. Subsequently, concerns have been raised over the use of these medications, especially pronounced in vulnerable pediatric patients, among whom their use has increased markedly in the past decade and seems to have especially orexigenic effects. This Review outlines the metabolic and cardiovascular risks of various antipsychotic medications in adults and children, defines the disparities in health care and finally makes recommendations for screening and monitoring of patients taking these agents.
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“Profound metabolic side effects, including weight gain, increased chance of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and high blood pressure, are also common with risperidone and aripiprazole [139–141].”
From Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“In SCZ, APs add significantly to this risk of metabolic dysregulation, with clozapine and olanzapine carrying the greatest metabolic liability98,99.”
From Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health (2021) · cites this paper as [99]
In the citing paper
“Both antipsychotic (De Hert et al., 2012) and antidepressant (Anderson et al., 2012) medications are associated with numerous adverse side effects that range from more common and less severe symptoms like headaches or nausea, to less common but more severe symptoms like cardiovascular or metabolic dysfunction.”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as De Hert et al., 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- De Hert, M., Detraux, J., van Winkel, R., Yu, W., & Correll, C. U.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Zucker Hillside Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2011-10-18
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 114-126
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- OpenAlex
- W2014026290
- Cited by
- 1,145
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 85 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 6.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Keywords
- antipsychotic drugs, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic side effects, obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, QT prolongation, sudden cardiac death, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, health care disparities, screening and monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Antipsychotic Agents, Weight Gain, Death, Sudden, Cardiac
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