Toll-like receptors — taking an evolutionary approach

Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity

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Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene

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A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

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A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity

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Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3

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The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults

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Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses

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Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8

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The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5

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The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster.

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Role of mast cells in colorectal cancer development, the jury is still out

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Anthocyanins Function as Anti-Inflammatory Agents in a Drosophila Model for Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration

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Facilitating Drug Discovery in Human Disease Models Using Insects

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Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy

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Dynamic Regulation of NF-κB Response in Innate Immunity: The Case of the IMD Pathway in Drosophila

Cammarata-Mouchtouris, A., Acker, A., Goto, A., Chen, D., Matt, N., & Leclerc, V. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092304 · Cited by 36

Le récepteur Toll-like8

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Nucleic Acid-Scavenging Hydrogels Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing

Zhong, H., Liang, H., Yan, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, T., Liu, L., & Chen, Y. (2022) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00526 · Cited by 36

An evolutionary mechanism to assimilate new nutrient sensors into the mTORC1 pathway

Liu, G. Y., Jouandin, P., Bahng, R. E., Perrimon, N., & Sabatini, D. M. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46680-3 · Cited by 37

TmToll-7 Plays a Crucial Role in Innate Immune Responses Against Gram-Negative Bacteria by Regulating 5 AMP Genes in Tenebrio molitor

Park, S., Yong, H.-J., Park, K., Ko, H. J., Kim, C. E., Bae, Y., Kim, B., Jun, S.-A., Bang, I., Lee, Y. S., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00310 · Cited by 32

Toll9 from Bombyx mori functions as a pattern recognition receptor that shares features with Toll-like receptor 4 from mammals

Zhang, R., Li, X., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Song, Y., Ren, F., Yi, H., Deng, X., Zhong, Y., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2103021118 · Cited by 35

A Basal Chordate Model for Studies of Gut Microbial Immune Interactions

Dishaw, L. J., Flores-Torres, J., Mueller, M. G., Karrer, C. R., Skapura, D. P., Melillo, D., Zucchetti, I., Santis, R. D., Pinto, M. R., & Litman, G. W. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00096 · Cited by 35

Immune Systems Evolution

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Developmental and Immune Role of a Novel Multiple Cysteine Cluster TLR From Eisenia andrei Earthworms

Procházková, P., Roubalová, R., Škanta, F., Dvořák, J., Pacheco, N. I. N., Kolařík, M., & Bilej, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01277 · Cited by 34

The Unique Antimicrobial Recognition and Signaling Pathways in Tardigrades with a Comparison Across Ecdysozoa

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When bacteria meet mitochondria: The strange case of the tick symbiont Midichloria mitochondrii †

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Microbiota, the immune system, black moods and the brain—melancholia updated

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No associations of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) -196 to -174del polymorphism with the risk of Helicobacter pylori seropositivity, gastric atrophy, and gastric cancer in Japanese

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Pattern recognition receptors in annelids

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The amphioxus genome provides unique insight into the evolution of immunity

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Transcriptome-wide identification, functional characterization, and expression analysis of two novel invertebrate-type Toll-like receptors from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus)

Priyathilaka, T. T., Bathige, S. D. N. K., Lee, S., Nam, B., & Lee, J. (2018) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.062 · Cited by 34

Evolution of Toll, Spatzle and MyD88 in insects: the problem of the Diptera bias

Lima, L. F., Torres, A. Q., Jardim, R., Mesquita, R. D., & Schama, R. (2021) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-021-07886-7 · Cited by 32

Three novel Toll genes (PtToll1–3) identified from a marine crab, Portunus trituberculatus: Different tissue expression and response to pathogens

Zhou, S., Yuan, X.-M., Liu, S., Li, M., Tao, Z., & Wang, G. (2015) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.027 · Cited by 32

Polymorphisms in toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 5 are associated with Legionella pneumophila infection

Zhang, F., Gao, X., Wu, W., Gao, Y., Zhang, Y., & Wang, S.-P. (2013) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-013-0444-9 · Cited by 32

A leucine-rich repeat assembly approach for homology modeling of the human TLR5-10 and mouse TLR11-13 ectodomains

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Functions and therapeutic interventions of non-coding RNAs associated with TLR signaling pathway in atherosclerosis

Margiana, R., Alsaikhan, F., Al‐Awsi, G. R. L., Patra, I., Sivaraman, R., Fadhil, A. A., Al-Baghdady, H. F. A., Qasim, M. T., Hameed, N. M., Mustafa, Y. F., et al. (2022) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110471 · Cited by 37

The brittle star genome illuminates the genetic basis of animal appendage regeneration

Parey, E., Ortega‐Martinez, O., Delroisse, J., Piovani, L., Czarkwiani, A., Dylus, D. V., Arya, S., Dupont, S., Thorndyke, M. C., Larsson, T., et al. (2024) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-024-02456-y · Cited by 37

Evolution of the diacylglycerol lipases

Yuan, D., Wu, Z., & Wang, Y. (2016) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2016.08.004 · Cited by 32

Supplementing artemisinin positively influences growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response, gut health and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Litopenaeus vannamei fed cottonseed protein concentrate meal diets

Liu, H., Chen, G., Li, L., Lin, Z., Tan, B., Dong, X., Yang, Q., Chi, S., Zhang, S., & Zhou, X. (2022) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.055 · Cited by 31

A haplotype-like, chromosome-level assembled and annotated genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, an important intermediate host of schistosomiasis and the best studied model of schistosomiasis vector snails

Zhong, D., Bu, L., Habib, M. R., Lu, L., Yan, G., & Zhang, S.-M. (2024) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011983 · Cited by 31

A novel method for infecting Drosophila adult flies with insect pathogenic nematodes

Castillo, J. C., Shokal, U., & Eleftherianos, I. (2012) · Virulence · doi:10.4161/viru.20244 · Cited by 31

Immunological perspectives on atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression

Pi, H., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Zhang, M., He, Q., Zheng, X., Yin, K., Zhao, G., & Jiang, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1437821 · Cited by 35

Scrutinizing the immune defence inventory of Camponotus floridanus applying total transcriptome sequencing

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Host–Parasite Interactions and the Evolution of Immune Defense

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Litopenaeus vannamei Sterile-Alpha and Armadillo Motif Containing Protein (LvSARM) Is Involved in Regulation of Penaeidins and antilipopolysaccharide factors

Wang, P., Gu, Z.-H., Wan, D.-H., Zhu, W.-B., Qiu, W., Weng, S., Yu, X., & He, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052088 · Cited by 30

Toll-Like Receptors and their Contribution to Innate Immunity: Focus on TLR4 Activation by Lipopolysaccharide

Czerkies, M., & Kwiatkowska, K. (2014) · Postepy Biologii Komorki · doi:10.2478/acb-2014-0001 · Cited by 31

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in housefly (Musca domestica) and their roles in the insecticide resistance

Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Li, X., & Gai, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.061 · Cited by 30

Kinome analysis of Toll-like receptor signaling in bovine monocytes

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Gene number determination and genetic polymorphism of the gamma delta T cell co-receptor WC1 genes

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Controlling cancer-induced inflammation with a nucleic acid scavenger prevents lung metastasis in murine models of breast cancer

Holl, E. K., Frazier, V., Landa, K., Boczkowski, D., Sullenger, B. A., & Nair, S. K. (2020) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.026 · Cited by 28

Evolutionary Dynamics of Host Organs for Microbial Symbiosis in Tortoise Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)

Fukumori, K., Oguchi, K., Ikeda, H., Shinohara, T., Tanahashi, M., Moriyama, M., Koga, R., & Fukatsu, T. (2022) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.03691-21 · Cited by 28

Precision Exercise Medicine: Sex Specific Differences in Immune and CNS Responses to Physical Activity

Cortés, C. J., & Miguel, Z. D. (2022) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-220139 · Cited by 34

The evolution of the metazoan Toll receptor family and its expression during protostome development

Orús-Alcalde, A., Lu, T.-M., Børve, A., & Hejnol, A. (2021) · BMC Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01927-1 · Cited by 27

The role of TIR domain-containing proteins in bacterial defense against phages

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Two distinct sensing pathways allow recognition of K lebsiella pneumoniaeby D ictyosteliumamoebae

de Lima, W. C., Balestrino, D., Forestier, C., & Cosson, P. (2013) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/cmi.12226 · Cited by 27

The subversion of toll-like receptor signaling by bacterial and viral proteases during the development of infectious diseases

Ciastoń, I., Dobosz, E., Potempa, J., & Kozieł, J. (2022) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2022.101143 · Cited by 27

Evolution of immune systems: Specificity and autoreactivity

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Toll-like receptors and integrins crosstalk

Alhamdan, F., Bayarsaikhan, G., & Yuki, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403764 · Cited by 30

Characterization of Spz5 as a novel ligand for Drosophila Toll-1 receptor.

Nonaka, S., Kawamura, K., Hori, A., Salim, E., Fukushima, K., Nakanishi, Y., & Kuraishi, T. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.096 · Cited by 23

Characterization of the TLR Family in Branchiostoma lanceolatum and Discovery of a Novel TLR22-Like Involved in dsRNA Recognition in Amphioxus

Ji, J., Ramos-Vicente, D., Navas-Pérez, E., Herrera-Úbeda, C., Lizcano, J. M., García‐Fernàndez, J., Escrivá, H., Bayés, À., & Roher, N. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02525 · Cited by 26

The immune system of jawless vertebrates: insights into the prototype of the adaptive immune system

Sut­oh, Y., & Kasahara, M. (2020) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-020-01182-6 · Cited by 29

Differential cell adhesion implemented by Drosophila Toll corrects local distortions of the anterior-posterior compartment boundary

Iijima, N., Sato, K., Kuranaga, E., & Umetsu, D. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20118-y · Cited by 26

Developmental processes in Ediacara macrofossils

Evans, S. D., Droser, M. L., & Erwin, D. H. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.3055 · Cited by 31

Interspecific Divergence of Transcription Networks along Lines of Genetic Variance in Drosophila: Dimensionality, Evolvability, and Constraint

Innocenti, P., & Chenoweth, S. F. (2013) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/mst047 · Cited by 26

Evolution of the Immune System

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Systemic hormonal and immune regulation induced by intraperitoneal LPS injection in bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)

de Figueiredo, A. C., Titon, S. C. M., Titon, B., Vasconcelos‐Teixeira, R., Barsotti, A. M. G., & Gomes, F. R. (2020) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110872 · Cited by 24

The immune system of sturgeons and paddlefish (Acipenseriformes): a review with new data from a chromosome‐scale sturgeon genome

Höhne, C., Prokopov, D., Kuhl, H., Du, K., Klopp, C., Wuertz, S., Trifonov, V. A., & Stöck, M. (2021) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12542 · Cited by 24

Genome wide identification ofTriboliumdorsoventral patterning genes

Stappert, D., Frey, N., von Levetzow, C., & Roth, S. (2016) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.130641 · Cited by 24

In search of new paradigms for epididymal health and disease: innate immunity, inflammatory mediators, and steroid hormones

Avellar, M. C. W., Ribeiro, C. M., Dias-da-Silva, M. R., & Silva, E. J. R. (2019) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12654 · Cited by 24

Review: Is lung inflammation associated with microbes and microbial toxins in cigarette tobacco smoke?

Pauly, J. L., Smith, L. A., Rickert, M., Hutson, A. D., & Paszkiewicz, G. (2009) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-009-8117-6 · Cited by 24

An evolutionary perspective to innate antiviral immunity in animals

Marques, J. T., Meignin, C., & Imler, J. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114678 · Cited by 22

Neuro-immune lessons from an annelid: The medicinal leech

Tasiemski, A., & Salzet, M. (2016) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.026 · Cited by 25

Gap Junctions and Connexins in Microglia-Related Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: Perspectives for Drug Discovery

Caruso, G., Pietro, L. D., & Caraci, F. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13030505 · Cited by 24

Spotted Gar and the Evolution of Innate Immune Receptors

Wcisel, D. J., Ota, T., Litman, G. W., & Yoder, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.22738 · Cited by 23

microRNA-19a as a negative regulator in TLR signaling pathway by direct targeting myeloid differentiation factor 88 in miiuy croaker

Zhao, X., Chu, Q., Cui, J., & Xu, T. (2018) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.009 · Cited by 23

Accessory-Cell-Mediated Activation of Porcine NK Cells by Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 Agonists

Toka, F. N., Nfon, C. K., Dawson, H. D., & Golde, W. T. (2009) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00035-09 · Cited by 23

Re-analysis of herbal extracts data reveals that inflammatory processes are mediated by hormetic mechanisms

Calabrese, E. J., Agathokleous, E., Kapoor, R., Kozumbo, W. J., & Rattan, S. I. S. (2019) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108844 · Cited by 22

Cell mechanics and cell-cell recognition controls by Toll-like receptors in tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis

Umetsu, D. (2022) · Fly · doi:10.1080/19336934.2022.2074783 · Cited by 19

The Evolutionary History of TLR4 Polymorphisms in Europe

Plantinga, T. S., Ioana, M. I., Alonso, S., Izagirre, N., Hervella, M., Joosten, L. A. B., van der Meer, J. W. M., Vaca, C. D. L. R., & Netea, M. G. (2011) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000329492 · Cited by 22

Abnormal brain structure and behavior in MyD88-deficient mice

Schroeder, P., Rivalan, M., Zaqout, S., Krüger, C., Schüler, J., Long, M., Meisel, A., Winter, Y., Kaindl, A. M., & Lehnardt, S. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.024 · Cited by 24

Molecular characterization and expression of a novel Toll gene from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

Li, M. C., Li, C., Wang, J., & Song, S. (2015) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2015.06.028 · Cited by 22

A mutation in Irak2c identifies IRAK-2 as a central component of the TLR regulatory network of wild-derived mice

Conner, J. R., Smirnova, I., & Poltorak, A. (2009) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20090490 · Cited by 23

Editorial: Ligands, Adaptors and Pathways of TLRs in Non-mammals

Su, J., & Yu, X. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02439 · Cited by 22

Trained immunity and immune priming in plants and invertebrates

Kurtz, J., Andino, R., Boraschi, D., Contreras-Garduño, J. A., Kachroo, A., Khan, I., Lanz‐Mendoza, H., Mukherjee, K., Peuß, R., & Ton, J. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106597 · Cited by 25

Plant‐microbe symbioses: new insights into common roots

Lima, P. T., Faria, V. G., Patraquim, P., Ramos, A. C., Feijó, J. A., & Sucena, É. (2009) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.200800177 · Cited by 21

TLR3 agonist improves survival to secondary pneumonia in a double injury model

Davis, C. G., Chang, K. C., Osborne, D., Walton, A. H., Ghosh, S., Dunne, W. M., Hotchkiss, R. S., & Muenzer, J. T. (2012) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2012.09.039 · Cited by 23

Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 increases macrophage resistance to HIV-1 infection

Victoria, S., Temerozo, J. R., Gobbo, L., Pimenta-Inada, H. K., & Bou‐Habib, D. C. (2013) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2013.06.006 · Cited by 21

Cloning and Characterization of Two Toll Receptors (PcToll5 and PcToll6) in Response to White Spot Syndrome Virus in the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii

Huang, Y., Chen, Y.-H., Hui, K.-M., & Ren, Q. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00936 · Cited by 21

Volatile Anesthetic Sevoflurane Attenuates Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Activation

Mitsui, Y., Hou, L., Huang, X., Odegard, K. C., Pereira, L. M., & Yuki, K. (2020) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000004741 · Cited by 21

Cancer epithelia-derived mitochondrial DNA is a targetable initiator of a paracrine signaling loop that confers taxane resistance

Haldar, S., Mishra, R., Billet, S., Thiruvalluvan, M., Placencio-Hickok, V., Madhav, A., Duong, F. L., Angara, B., Agarwal, P., Tighiouart, M., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1910952117 · Cited by 22

Expression and function analysis of two naturally truncated MyD88 variants in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Xu, F., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Xiang, Z., & Yu, Z. (2015) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.034 · Cited by 21

fat facets induces polyubiquitination of Imd and inhibits the innate immune response in D rosophila

Yagi, Y., Lim, Y., Tsuda, L., & Nishida, Y. (2013) · Genes to Cells · doi:10.1111/gtc.12085 · Cited by 21

Toll-like receptor 4 plays a vital role in irritable bowel syndrome: a scoping review

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Planarians (Platyhelminthes)—An Emerging Model Organism for Investigating Innate Immune Mechanisms

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