Toll-like receptors — taking an evolutionary approach

Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity

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Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene

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A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

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A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity

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Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3

Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129

The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults

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Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses

Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1112 · Cited by 4,166

Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8

Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., & Bauer, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093620 · Cited by 3,947

The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5

Hayashi, F., Smith, K. D., Ozinsky, A., Hawn, T. R., Yi, E. C., Goodlett, D. R., Eng, J. K., Akira, S., Underhill, D. M., & Aderem, A. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35074106 · Cited by 3,605

The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster.

Lemaître, B., & Hoffmann, J. (2007) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141615 · Cited by 3,404

Comparative transcriptome analysis of tube feet of different colors in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Ding, J., Yang, D., Chang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, W., & Chen, T. (2017) · Genes & Genomics · doi:10.1007/s13258-017-0565-0 · Cited by 17

Identification of a novel toll gene ( Shtoll3 ) from the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense and its expression pattern changes in response to cadmium followed by Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Lang, L., Zhang, Z., Jing, W., Hwang, J., Lee, S., & Wang, L. (2017) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.013 · Cited by 17

Identification and functional characterization of a solute carrier family 15, member 4 gene in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Chen, Y.-G., Yuan, K., Zhang, Z.-Z., Yuan, F.-H., Weng, S., Yue, H.-T., He, J.-G., & Chen, Y.-H. (2016) · Developmental and Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.005 · Cited by 19

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of MyD88 from the tropical sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota

Zhao, L., Jiang, X., Chen, T., Sun, H., & Ren, C. (2018) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.001 · Cited by 17

The Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology

Eslami, M., Monemi, M., Nazari, M. A., Azami, M. H., Rad, P. S., Oksenych, V., & Naderian, R. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18020197 · Cited by 18

Toll signalling promotes blastema cell proliferation during cricket leg regeneration via insect macrophages

Bando, T., Okumura, M., Bando, Y., Hagiwara, M., Hamada, Y., Ishimaru, Y., Mito, T., Kawaguchi, E., Inoue, T., Agata, K., et al. (2021) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.199916 · Cited by 16

Genome-wide analysis of TRAF gene family and its response to bacterial infection in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis with different carotenoids content

Zhang, H., Tan, K., Li, S., Ma, H., & Zheng, H. (2020) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736309 · Cited by 15

Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in liver pathophysiology

Getachew, A., Hussain, M., Huang, X., & Li, Y. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119941 · Cited by 15

A narrative review of precision medicine in neonatal sepsis: genetic and epigenetic factors associated with disease susceptibility

Dai, W., & Zhou, W. (2023) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp-22-369 · Cited by 15

Temporal pattern of Toll-like receptor 9 upregulation in neurons and glial cells following cerebral ischemia reperfusion in mice

Ji, Y., Zhou, Y., Pan, J., Li, X., Wang, H., & Wang, Y. (2015) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207454.2015.1010649 · Cited by 16

Innate immunity and the regulation and mobilization of keratinocyte stem cells: are the old players playing a new game?

Singh, A. K., & Morris, R. J. (2012) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01566.x · Cited by 15

Identification, functional characterization and expression pattern of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in Sepiella japonica

Huo, L., Bao, M., Lv, Z., Chi, C., Wang, T., & Liu, H. (2018) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.065 · Cited by 15

An ML protein from the silkworm Bombyx mori may function as a key accessory protein for lipopolysaccharide signaling

Zhang, R., Ren, F., Zhou, C., Xu, J., Yi, H., Ye, M., Deng, X., Cao, Y., Yu, X., & Yang, W. (2018) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.012 · Cited by 15

microRNA-144 regulates the NF-κB signaling in miiuy croaker via targeting IL1β

Yan, X., Cui, J., Liu, X., & Xu, T. (2019) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.018 · Cited by 15

Ancient fish lineages illuminate toll-like receptor diversification in early vertebrate evolution

Carlson, K. B., Nguyen, C., Wcisel, D. J., Yoder, J. A., & Dornburg, A. (2023) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-023-01315-7 · Cited by 16

Bdelloid rotifers deploy horizontally acquired biosynthetic genes against a fungal pathogen

Nowell, R. W., Rodríguez, F., Hecox-Lea, B. J., Welch, D. B. M., Arkhipova, I. R., Barraclough, T. G., & Wilson, C. G. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49919-1 · Cited by 14

Evolution of the ocular immune system

Forrester, J. V., & McMenamin, P. G. (2024) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-024-03512-4 · Cited by 14

Nonprotein Structures from Mycobacteria: Emerging Actors for Tuberculosis Control

Lopez-Marin, L. M. (2012) · Clinical and Developmental Immunology · doi:10.1155/2012/917860 · Cited by 15

Altered behaviour and cognitive function following combined deletion of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in mice

Too, L. K., McGregor, I. S., Baxter, A. G., & Hunt, N. H. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.024 · Cited by 14

Genomic Instability and Shared Mechanisms for Gene Diversification in Two Distant Immune Gene Families: The Plant NBS-LRR Genes and the Echinoid 185/333 Genes

Oren, M., Hudgell, M. A. B., Golconda, P., Lun, C. M., & Smith, L. C. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801975-7.00012-8 · Cited by 14

Molecular Characterization of Two Toll Receptors in Hyriopsis cumingii and Their Potential Roles in Antibacterial Response

Huang, Y. K., Zhang, G., & Ren, Q. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00952 · Cited by 14

Differential EDS1 requirement for cell death activities of plant TIR-domain proteinsPreprint

Johanndrees, O., Baggs, E. L., Uhlmann, C., Locci, F., Laessle, H., Melkonian, K., Käufer, K., Dongus, J. A., Nakagami, H., Krasileva, K. V., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.29.470438 · Cited by 14

TLR5M cooperates with TLR5S to activate NF-κB in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Dong, Z., Li, J., Deng, R., Zhang, Z., Chen, J., Lei, Y., Wu, L., Guo, Z., Wang, B., Li, B., et al. (2022) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738775 · Cited by 13

Analysis of the Toll and Spaetzle Genes Involved in Toll Pathway-Dependent Antimicrobial Gene Induction in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae)

Kato, D., Miura, K., & Yokoi, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021523 · Cited by 13

Evolutionary Regression and Species-Specific Codon Usage of TLR15

Voogdt, C. G. P., Merchant, M., Wagenaar, J. A., & van Putten, J. P. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02626 · Cited by 13

Characterization of a novel toll-like receptor and activation NF-κB signal pathway in triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

Yin, S., Chen, J., Zhu, M., BaoQingHu, Su, F., Jian, S., & Wen, C. (2021) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110608 · Cited by 13

Rintatolimod (Ampligen®) Enhances Numbers of Peripheral B Cells and Is Associated with Longer Survival in Patients with Locally Advanced and Metastasized Pancreatic Cancer Pre-Treated with FOLFIRINOX: A Single-Center Named Patient Program

el Haddaoui, H., Brood, R., Latifi, D., Oostvogels, A. A. M., Klaver, Y., Moskie, M., Mustafa, D. A. M., Debets, R., & van Eijck, C. H. J. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14061377 · Cited by 13

The Evolution of the Toll-Like Receptor System

Voogdt, C. G. P., & van Putten, J. P. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801975-7.00013-x · Cited by 14

The Splicing Factor RNA-Binding Fox Protein 1 Mediates the Cellular Immune Response in Drosophila melanogaster

Nazario-Toole, A., Robalino, J., Okrah, K., Bravo, H. C., Mount, S. M., & Wu, L. P. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1800496 · Cited by 13

Apaf-1 is an evolutionarily conserved DNA sensor that switches the cell fate between apoptosis and inflammation

Ruan, J., Wei, X., Li, S., Ye, Z., Hu, L., Zhuang, R., Cao, Y., Wang, S., Wu, S., Peng, D., et al. (2025) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-024-00750-4 · Cited by 12

Enhancing Cancer Therapy with TLR7/8 Agonists: Applications in Vaccines and Combination Treatments

Mondal, J., Prabha, S., Griffith, T. S., Ferguson, D. M., & Panyam, J. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17213582 · Cited by 12

Rintatolimod in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Enhances Antitumor Immunity through Dendritic Cell–Mediated T-Cell Responses

van Eijck, C. W. F., el Haddaoui, H., Kucukcelebi, S., Vadgama, D., Fellah, A., Mustafa, D. A. M., Aerts, J. G. J. V., van Eijck, C. H. J., & Willemsen, M. (2024) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-4085 · Cited by 12

Mining the plant-herbivore interface with a leafmining Drosophila of Arabidopsis

Hevasco, D. A. C., Shley, A., Ear, B., Oor, N., Ammarella, N. I. M., & Usubel, M. A. (2011) · Cited by 12

Of Worms and Men: HLH-30 and TFEB Regulate Tolerance to Infection

Tiller, G. R., & Garsin, D. A. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.002 · Cited by 12

Uncovering the immunological repertoire of the carpet shell clam Ruditapes decussatus through a transcriptomic-based approach

Batista, F. M., Churcher, A. M., Manchado, M., Leitão, A., & Power, D. M. (2018) · Aquaculture and Fisheries · doi:10.1016/j.aaf.2018.03.003 · Cited by 12

Physiology of Astroglia: Channels, Receptors, Transporters, Ion Signaling and Gliotransmission

Verkhratsky, A., & Parpura, V. (2015) · Colloquium Series on Neuroglia in Biology and Medicine From Physiology to Disease · doi:10.4199/c00123ed1v01y201501ngl004 · Cited by 12

Zw10 negatively regulates the MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling through autophagy in teleost fish

Cao, B., Chen, Y., Cui, J., Sun, Y., & Xu, T. (2022) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2022.104401 · Cited by 11

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) in Diaphorina citri and Their Expression Patterns Induced by the Endophyte Beauveria bassiana

Aguila, L. C. R., Ashraf, H. J., Moreano, J. P. S., Akutse, K. S., Bamisile, B. S., Lu, L., Li, X., Lin, J., Wu, Q., & Wang, L. (2022) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof8080888 · Cited by 11

BsTLR1: A new member of the TLR family of recognition proteins from the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

Peronato, A., Franchi, N., & Ballarin, L. (2020) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.006 · Cited by 11

Divergences of the RLR Gene Families across Lophotrochozoans: Domain Grafting, Exon–Intron Structure, Expression, and Positive Selection

Yao, S., Chan, J., Xu, Y., Wu, S., & Zhang, L. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23073415 · Cited by 11

IFN regulatory factor 3 of golden pompano and its NLS domain are involved in antibacterial innate immunity and regulate the expression of type I interferon (IFNa3)

Sun, Y., Cao, Z., Zhang, P., Wei, C., Li, J., Wu, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128196 · Cited by 11

Building Haplotype‐Resolved 3D Genome Maps of Chicken Skeletal Muscle

Li, J., Lin, Y., Li, D., He, M., Kui, H., Bai, J., Chen, Z., Gou, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, T., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202305706 · Cited by 10

Prior TLR5 induction in human T cells results in a transient potentiation of subsequent TCR-induced cytokine production

Tremblay, M. M., Bilal, M. Y., & Houtman, J. C. D. (2013) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2013.09.002 · Cited by 11

In silico analysis of human Toll‐like receptor 7 ligand binding domain

Gupta, C. L., Akhtar, S., Sayyed, U., Pathak, N., & Bajpai, P. (2015) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/bab.1377 · Cited by 11

Interactions between alveolar epithelial cells and neutrophils under pro-inflammatory conditions

von Schéele, I., Larsson, K., & Palmberg, L. (2014) · European Clinical Respiratory Journal · doi:10.3402/ecrj.v1.24545 · Cited by 11

Conservation of cytokine-mediated responses in innate immunity: a flow cytometric study investigating the effects of human proinflammatory cytokines on phagocytosis in the earthworm Eisenia hortensis

Grant, K., Hill, K., Goodfield, L. L., Fuller-Espie, S. L., & DeRogatis, N. (2008) · Invertebrate survival journal · Cited by 11

Selective breeding on natural antibodies in chickens

Berghof, T. V. L. (2018) · doi:10.18174/426278 · Cited by 12

Elucidating the role of dsRNA sensing and Toll6 in antiviral responses of Culex quinquefasciatus cells

Prince, B. C., Chan, K., & Rückert, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1251204 · Cited by 10

Receptors on Microglia

Augusto‐Oliveira, M., Tremblay, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2024) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_6 · Cited by 10

Toll-1-dependent immune evasion induced by fungal infection leads to cell loss in the Drosophila brain

Singh, D. N., Roberts, A. R. E., Wang, X., Li, G., Moraga, E. Q., Alliband, D., Ballou, E. R., Tsai, H.-J., & Hidalgo, A. (2025) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003020 · Cited by 10

Induction and Suppression of Innate Antiviral Responses by Hepatitis A Virus

Cao, X., Xue, Y.-J., Du, J., Xu, Q., Yang, X., Zeng, Y., Wang, B., Wang, H., Liu, J., Cai, K., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01865 · Cited by 10

Comparison of phagocytosis in three Caribbean Sea urchins

DeFilippo, J., Ebersole, J. P., & Beck, G. (2017) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.007 · Cited by 10

Distinct evolution of toll-like receptor signaling pathway genes in cetaceans

Tian, R., Seim, I., Zhang, Z., Yang, Y., Ren, W., Xu, S., & Yang, G. (2019) · Genes & Genomics · doi:10.1007/s13258-019-00861-3 · Cited by 11

Clone, identification and functional characterization of a novel toll (Shtoll1) from the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense in response to cadmium exposure and Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Lang, L., Bao, M., Jing, W., Chen, W., & Wang, L. (2020) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.012 · Cited by 10

Immunotherapeutic potential of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in veterinary species

Manuja, A., Manuja, B. K., Kaushik, J., Singha, H., & Singh, R. K. (2013) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.3109/08923973.2013.828743 · Cited by 10

Upregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 in the human adrenocortical cells differentially modulates adrenal steroidogenesis

Kanczkowski, W., Tymoszuk, P., Chavakis, T., Janitzky, V., Weirich, T., Zacharowski, K. D., Ehrhart‐Bornstein, M., & Bornstein, S. R. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.013 · Cited by 10

GoTLR7 but not GoTLR21 mediated antiviral immune responses against low pathogenic H9N2 AIV and Newcastle disease virus infection

Yan, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, W., Wang, M., Jia, R., Zhu, D., Liu, M., Yang, Q., Wu, Y., Sun, K., et al. (2016) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.001 · Cited by 10

TLR4 gene polymorphisms rs11536889 is associated with intracranial aneurysm susceptibility

Liu, L., Zhang, Q., Xiong, X., Gong, Q., Liao, M., & Yang, Q. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2018.04.074 · Cited by 10

Spätzle, a signaling molecule that interacts with pathogen-associated molecules and Toll-like receptor in Portunus trituberculatus

Zhang, Y., Zhang, P., Ni, M., Zhou, B., Bai, Y., Zheng, J., & Cui, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.267 · Cited by 9

Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the aster leafhopper ( Macrosteles quadrilineatus ) reveals the role of environment and microbial symbiosis in shaping pest insect genome evolution

Vasquez, Y. M., Li, Z., Xue, A. Z., & Bennett, G. M. (2023) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13919 · Cited by 9

Divergence of immune cell types in chordate blood

Scully, T. D., Pickett, C. J., Gort-Freitas, N. A., Davidson, B., & Klein, A. M. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.10.032 · Cited by 11

Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of Toll-like receptors provide new insights on adaptation to intertidal benthic environments in Urechis unicinctus (Annelida, Echiura)

Wang, Y., Liu, D., Wei, M., Chen, J., Li, Y., Zhao, F., Zhang, Z., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106594 · Cited by 8

Gene Expression Analysis of Resident Macrophages in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Rat Molar Pulps

Chokechanachaisakul, U., Kaneko, T., Yamanaka, Y., Kaneko, R., Katsube, K., Kobayashi, H., Nor, J. E., Okiji, T., & Suda, H. (2011) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.010 · Cited by 9

Mast Cells and Tumours

Ribatti, D., & Crivellato, E. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1469-4_6 · Cited by 9

Strong selection of the TLR2 coding region among the Lagomorpha suggests an evolutionary history that differs from other mammals

Neves, F., Águeda-Pinto, A., Pinheiro, A., Abrantes, J., & Esteves, P. J. (2019) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-019-01110-3 · Cited by 9

Short-term transcriptomic response to plasma membrane injury

Häger, S. C., Dias, C., Sønder, S. L., Olsen, A., da Piedade, I., Heitmann, A. S. B., Papaleo, E., & Nylandsted, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98420-y · Cited by 10

Immunological Roles of TmToll-2 in Response to Escherichia coli Systemic Infection in Tenebrio molitor

Kojour, M. A. M., Jang, H. A., Lee, Y. S., Jo, Y. H., & Han, Y. S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232214490 · Cited by 9

Fine-Scale Analysis of Parasite Resistance Genes in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Zhong, D., Pai, A., Wang, M., Keech, N., & Yan, G. (2013) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.113.153205 · Cited by 9

Evidence for adaptation of porcine Toll-like receptors

Darfour-Oduro, K. A., Megens, H., Roca, A. L., Groenen, M. A. M., & Schook, L. B. (2015) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-015-0892-8 · Cited by 9

The evolution of the metazoan Toll receptor family and its expression during protostome developmentPreprint

Orús-Alcalde, A., Lu, T.-M., & Hejnol, A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-199283/v1 · Cited by 9

STRPsearch: fast detection of structured tandem repeat proteins

Mozaffari, S., Arrías, P. N., Clementel, D., Piovesan, D., Ferrari, C., Tosatto, S. C. E., & Monzon, A. M. (2024) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btae690 · Cited by 12

Unusual structural and functional features of TpLRR/BspA-like LRR proteins

Takkouche, A., Qiu, X., Sedova, M., Jaroszewski, L., & Godzik, A. (2023) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2023.108011 · Cited by 9

Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from Lymantria dispar and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant

Liu, L., Wei, Y., & Wang, D. (2021) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects12090827 · Cited by 8

Rintatolimod: a potential treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer expressing Toll-like receptor 3.

el Haddaoui, H., van Eijck, C. W., Doukas, M., van den Bosch, T. P. P., van Koetsveld, P. M., Hofland, L. J., Mustafa, D. A. M., & van Eijck, C. H. J. (2023) · PubMed Central · Cited by 8

A review on green‐lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus immunology: the drivers, virulence factors, advances, and applications

Azizan, A., Venter, L., & Alfaro, A. C. (2023) · New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1080/00288330.2023.2269865 · Cited by 9

Toll-like receptor signalling via IRAK4 affects epithelial integrity and tightness through regulation of junctional tension

Peterson, J., Sivars, K. B., Bianco, A., & Röper, K. (2023) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.201893 · Cited by 7

Molecular insights of a novel cephalopod toll-like receptor homologue in Sepiella japonica, revealing its function under the stress of aquatic pathogenic bacteria

Liu, H., Huo, L., Yu, Q., Ge, D., Chi, C., Lv, Z., & Wang, T. (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.004 · Cited by 8

TIAMMAt: Leveraging Biodiversity to Revise Protein Domain Models, Evidence from Innate Immunity

Tassia, M. G., David, K. T., Townsend, J. P., & Halanych, K. (2021) · Molecular biology and evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msab258 · Cited by 8

Tril dampens Nodal signaling through Pellino2- and Traf6-mediated activation of Nedd4l

Kim, H.-S., Green, Y. S., Xie, Y., & Christian, J. L. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2104661118 · Cited by 8

The first mollusk spätzle homolog gene in the clam, Paphia undulate

Yu, M., Zhang, Y., Tang, X., Ren, J., & Zhang, Y. (2015) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.017 · Cited by 8

Basic Knowledge of Immunology

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Molecular cloning, characterization and function of a germinal center kinase MST4 gene from Litopenaeus vannamei in response to Vibrio alginolyticus challenge in TLR-TRAF6 signaling pathway

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