Cited by 429Chromosomal and Genetic VariationsEvolution and Genetic DynamicsGenomics and Phylogenetic Studies

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New genes as drivers of phenotypic evolution

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Chen, Sidi, Krinsky, Benjamin H., Long, Manyuan·2013·Nature Reviews Genetics

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Abstract

During the course of evolution, genomes acquire novel genetic elements as sources of functional and phenotypic diversity, including new genes that originated in recent evolution. In the past few years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the evolution and phenotypic effects of new genes. In particular, an emerging picture is that new genes, despite being present in the genomes of only a subset of species, can rapidly evolve indispensable roles in fundamental biological processes, including development, reproduction, brain function and behaviour. The molecular underpinnings of how new genes can develop these roles are starting to be characterized. These recent discoveries yield fresh insights into our broad understanding of biological diversity at refined resolution.

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“The contraction and expansion gene families are key drives of adapting natural variation and phenotypic diversity in plants (Chen et al., 2021b; Chen et al., 2013).”
Background
Phenotypic Disparity
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Preface to the second edition
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Endorsement
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An Introduction to Microbial Experimental Evolution
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The Nature of Biodiversity
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Coevolutionary Diversification
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Copyright Page
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Repeated Evolution
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Adaptation to a Single Environment
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Selection in Variable Environments
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Dedication
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Novelty and Innovation
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Preface to the first edition
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The Rate and Extent of Diversification
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Genetics and Genomics of Diversification
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Introduction
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Genomics of Adaptation
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Evolution of retrocopies in the context of HUSH silencing
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“One of these processes is the emergence of novel genes which can occur de novo from non-coding DNA, as a the mRNA, forming a complex that is transported back to the nucleus, where it anneals to double-strand breaks, undergoes reverse transcription, and is incorporated into the genome [3, 4, 8].”
Background
Evolutionary and Functional Analysis of Monoamine Oxidase C (MAO C): A Novel Member of the MAO Gene FamilyPreprint
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Orphan genes are involved in environmental adaptations and flowering process in the rose
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Genome Evolution's Role in Developmental Evolution
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Exploring Coding Sequence Length Distributions Across Taxonomic Kingdoms Based on Maximum Information Principle
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Accelerated genome shuffling associated with rapid evolution of sexual conflict in seed beetlesPreprint
Chen, W., Zhao, J., Lin, M., Liu, C., Xie, L., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Liao, Y., & Chen, J. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.24.639998
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Sex Chromosomes and Gene Origin
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The Role of Primate-Specific Genes and Network Dynamics in Cancer EvolutionPreprint
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“Recent evidence demonstrated that young genes make contributions to disease phenotypes, highlighting their role in disease-associated phenotypic innovation (Chen, et al. 2013; Chen, et al. 2025).”

Authors: Chen, S., Krinsky, B. H., & Long, M.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Long, Manyuan
ORCID: Chen, Sidi
Long, Manyuan
Venue: Nature Reviews Genetics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-08-16
Volume: 14
Issue: 9
Pages: 645-660
ISSN: 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
1471-0064
DOI: 10.1038/nrg3521
PMC: PMC4236023
OpenAlex: W2057844822
Cited by: 428
References: 137
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 6
FWCI: 3.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2013-08-22)
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
U.S. Public Health Service (1R01100768‑01A1)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM100768, T32GM007197)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Keywords: neofunctionalization, novel genes, gene birth, phenotypic evolution, genome evolution, gene duplication, developmental processes, reproduction, brain function, behavior, biodiversity, functional redundancy
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Biological Evolution, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Humans, Phenotype, Plants, Reproduction, Sex Characteristics, Species Specificity, Evolution, Molecular, Biodiversity

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