The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 115 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulation of innate immune responses in the brain
Abstract
Microglial cells are the main innate immune cells of the complex cellular structure of the brain. These cells respond quickly to pathogens and injury, accumulate in regions of degeneration and produce a wide variety of pro-inflammatory molecules. These observations have resulted in active debate regarding the exact role of microglial cells in the brain and whether they have beneficial or detrimental functions. Careful targeting of these cells could have therapeutic benefits for several types of trauma and disease specific to the central nervous system. This Review discusses the molecular details underlying the innate immune response in the brain during infection, injury and disease.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Microglia are the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system (CNS) that perform functions required for typical development, as well as homeostasis, plasticity, immunity and repair (1–5).”
From An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“TLRs and associated signaling pathways contribute to both injurious and regenerative processes in CNS diseases (33–35).”
From UNC93B1 Is Widely Expressed in the Murine CNS and Is Required for Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury Induced by MicroRNA let-7b (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Microglia represent a heterogeneous cell population accounting for approximately 5–12% of total brain cells. They are distributed unevenly throughout the CNS, as grey matter and specific structures such as the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and substantia nigra typically all exhibit greater densities than the white matter (58–60).”
From The HPA – Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [60]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A specific amyloid-β protein assembly in the brain impairs memory
Lesné, S., Koh, M. T., Kotilinek, L., Kayed, R., Glabe, C. G., Yang, A., Gallagher, M., & Ashe, K. H. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04533 · Cited by 2,769
RetractedResting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827
Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
Hanisch, U.-K., & Kettenmann, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1997 · Cited by 3,676
The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-β
Halle, A., Hornung, V., Petzold, G. C., Stewart, C. R., Monks, B. G., Reinheckel, T., Fitzgerald, K. A., Latz, E., Moore, K. J., & Golenbock, D. T. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1636 · Cited by 2,441
Wyss-Coray (2006) · doi:10.1038/nm1484 · Cited by 1,284
Simard, A. R., Soulet, D., Gowing, G., Julien, J.-P., & Rivest, S. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.01.022 · Cited by 1,265
Self-citationInflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease—A Double-Edged Sword
Wyss-Coray, T., & Mucke, L. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00794-8 · Cited by 1,235
The inflammatory response in stroke
Wang, Q., Tang, X. N., & Yenari, M. A. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.014 · Cited by 1,196
Cytokines and acute neurodegeneration
Allan, S. M., & Rothwell, N. J. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35094583 · Cited by 1,145
Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
Wang, T., Town, T., Alexopoulou, L., Anderson, J. F., Fikrig, E., & Flavell, R. A. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1140 · Cited by 1,142
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 115 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Heneka, M. T., Carson, M. J., Khoury, J. E., Landreth, G. E., Brosseron, F., Feinstein, D. L., Jacobs, A. H., Wyss-Coray, T., Vitorica, J., Ransohoff, R. M., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)70016-5 · Cited by 6,226
Slavich, G. M., & Irwin, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035302 · Cited by 2,206
An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity
Gosselin, D., Skola, D., Coufal, N. G., Holtman, I. R., Schlachetzki, J. C. M., Sajti, E., Jaeger, B. N., O’Connor, C., Fitzpatrick, C., Pasillas, M. P., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aal3222 · Cited by 1,220
Visceral influences on brain and behavior
Critchley, H. D., & Harrison, N. A. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.02.008 · Cited by 1,177
Emerging targets in neuroinflammation-driven chronic pain
Ji, R., Xu, Z., & Gao, Y. (2014) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4334 · Cited by 1,139
Metadata
- Authors
- Rivest, S.
- Affiliations
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Rivest, Serge
- ORCID
- Rivest, Serge
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 429-439
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W2145938600
- Cited by
- 843
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 4.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canada Research Chairs
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- microglia, innate immunity, neuroinflammation, microglial activation, neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease, infection, brain injury, proinflammatory molecules
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Animals, Brain, Encephalitis, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lipopolysaccharides, Oligodendroglia, Wounds and Injuries, Microglia, Toll-Like Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
