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Mammalian empathy: behavioural manifestations and neural basis
Abstract
Recent research on empathy in humans and other mammals seeks to dissociate emotional and cognitive empathy. These forms, however, remain interconnected in evolution, across species and at the level of neural mechanisms. New data have facilitated the development of empathy models such as the perception-action model (PAM) and mirror-neuron theories. According to the PAM, the emotional states of others are understood through personal, embodied representations that allow empathy and accuracy to increase based on the observer's past experiences. In this Review, we discuss the latest evidence from studies carried out across a wide range of species, including studies on yawn contagion, consolation, aid-giving and contagious physiological affect, and we summarize neuroscientific data on representations related to another's state.
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“Translational rodent models that capture aspects of social affect include emotion contagion and social buffering24.”
From Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
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Additional file 3 of Autism-associated gene shank3 is necessary for social contagion in zebrafish
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Additional file 4 of Autism-associated gene shank3 is necessary for social contagion in zebrafish
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Additional file 5 of Autism-associated gene shank3 is necessary for social contagion in zebrafish
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Additional file 2 of Autism-associated gene shank3 is necessary for social contagion in zebrafish
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“These mechanisms are thought to contribute to emotional empathy (Del Casale et al. 2017), as suggested by the action perception model, which posits that understanding others’ emotions partly relies on internally simulating their actions (de Waal and Preston 2017).”
Metadata
- Authors
- de Waal, F. B. M., & Preston, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2017-06-29
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 498-509
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2732246028
- Cited by
- 957
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 13
- FWCI
- 9.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- empathy, affective empathy, cognitive empathy, perception-action model, mirror neurons, mirror neuron theory, consolation, neural basis of empathy, interspecies empathy, embodied representations, evolution of empathy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Emotions, Empathy, Biological Evolution, Humans, Mammals, Models, Neurological, Mirror Neurons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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