Cited by 355Neural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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The cortex as a central pattern generator

Yuste, Rafael, MacLean, Jason N., Smith, Jeffrey, Lansner, Anders·2005·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

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Abstract

Vertebrate spinal cord and brainstem central pattern generator (CPG) circuits share profound similarities with neocortical circuits. CPGs can produce meaningful functional output in the absence of sensory inputs. Neocortical circuits could be considered analogous to CPGs as they have rich spontaneous dynamics that, similar to CPGs, are powerfully modulated or engaged by sensory inputs, but can also generate output in their absence. We find compelling evidence for this argument at the anatomical, biophysical, developmental, dynamic and pathological levels of analysis. Although it is possible that cortical circuits are particularly plastic types of CPG ('learning CPGs'), we argue that present knowledge about CPGs is likely to foretell the basic principles of the organization and dynamic function of cortical circuits.

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Authors: Yuste, R., MacLean, J. N., Smith, J., & Lansner, A.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Stockholm University (SE)
Corresponding author: Yuste, Rafael
ORCID: Yuste, Rafael
MacLean, Jason N.
Smith, Jeffrey
Lansner, Anders
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-06-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Pages: 477-483
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn1686
OpenAlex: W1481508412
Cited by: 355
References: 107
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 1.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: central pattern generator, neocortex, cortical circuits, spinal cord, brainstem, spontaneous activity, cortical plasticity
MeSH terms: Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Nerve Net

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