Cited by 435Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience of respiration and sleep

The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm of non-REM sleep: a dialogue between three cardinal oscillators

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Crunelli, Vincenzo, Hughes, Stuart W·2010·Nature Neuroscience

Abstract

The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm, the most important electroencephalogram (EEG) signature of non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is generally viewed as originating exclusively from neocortical networks. Here we argue that the full manifestation of this fundamental sleep oscillation in a corticothalamic module requires the dynamic interaction of three cardinal oscillators: one predominantly synaptically based cortical oscillator and two intrinsic, conditional thalamic oscillators. The functional implications of this hypothesis are discussed in relation to other EEG features of NREM sleep, with respect to coordinating activities in local and distant neuronal assemblies and in the context of facilitating cellular and network plasticity during slow-wave sleep.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nn.2445

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  • Somatostatin-positive interneurons inhibiting pyramidal dendrites appear to be specifically implicated in the induction of downstates, apart from thalamic afferents and cortical astrocytes.

    “Apart from thalamic afferents and cortical astrocytes, somatostatin positive interneurons inhibiting pyramidal dendrites appear to be specifically implicated in the induction of downstates.161,172,173”

    From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [173]

    The Neocortex section (page unavailable) identifies layer-5 Martinotti cells as cells that intrinsically generate UP and DOWN states, providing limited support for interneuron involvement. It does not identify them as somatostatin-positive, describe inhibition of pyramidal dendrites, or specifically implicate them in inducing DOWN states; the passage instead discusses a current involved in generating their UP states. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • In naturally sleeping mice, spindles nesting into a SO upstate are characterized by a unique constellation of cortical microcircuit activity: inhibition by somatostatin-positive cells is released from dendrites of pyramidal cells that display strongly increased calcium activity, whereas effective somatic inhibition of pyramidal cells prevails when spindles occur without a SO.

    “In vivo calcium imaging in naturally sleeping mice revealed that spindles, which nest into a SO upstate are characterized by a unique constellation of activity in cortical microcircuits, where inhibition (by somatostatin positive cells) is released from the dendrites of pyramidal cells that themselves display strongly increased calcium activity, whereas an effective somatic inhibition of the pyram”

    From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [173]

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  • The slow oscillation is generated in cortical networks and can occur in isolated cortical slices.

    “The slow oscillation is generated in cortical networks and can occur in isolated cortical slices (239, 1028, 1198).”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [239]

  • The slow oscillation of the intact brain likely reflects an interaction between cortical and thalamic networks.

    “Nevertheless, the slow oscillation of the intact brain likely reflects an interaction between cortical and thalamic networks (239, 1196).”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [239]

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  1. [94]Jones EG The Thalamus 2008 Plenum Press New York

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Authors
Crunelli, V., & Hughes, S. W.
Affiliations
  • Cardiff University (GB)
  • Eli Lilly (United Kingdom) (GB)
Corresponding author
Crunelli, Vincenzo
Venue
Nature Neuroscience
Published
2009-12-06
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
9-17
ISSN
  • 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
  • 1546-1726
OpenAlex
W2078049175
Cited by
435
References
98
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 32
FWCI
2.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (078403, 078311, 78403, 78311, 071436, 71436)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Keywords
slow-wave sleep, NREM sleep, EEG oscillations, cell assemblies, network plasticity
MeSH terms
Action Potentials, Anesthetics, Animals, Biological Clocks, Brain Mapping, Cats, Cerebral Cortex, Delta Rhythm, Humans, Models, Biological, Nerve Net, Neurons, Sleep Stages, Thalamus, In Vitro Techniques

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