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Cited by 1,939Neural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation

Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical Rhythms in Cognition

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Wang, Xiao-Jing·2010·Physiological Reviews
DOI 10.1152/physrev.00035.2008PMC PMC2923921
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Abstract

Synchronous rhythms represent a core mechanism for sculpting temporal coordination of neural activity in the brain-wide network. This review focuses on oscillations in the cerebral cortex that occur during cognition, in alert behaving conditions. Over the last two decades, experimental and modeling work has made great strides in elucidating the detailed cellular and circuit basis of these rhythms, particularly gamma and theta rhythms. The underlying physiological mechanisms are diverse (ranging from resonance and pacemaker properties of single cells to multiple scenarios for population synchronization and wave propagation), but also exhibit unifying principles. A major conceptual advance was the realization that synaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in rhythmogenesis, either in an interneuronal network or in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory loop. Computational functions of synchronous oscillations in cognition are still a matter of debate among systems neuroscientists, in part because the notion of regular oscillation seems to contradict the common observation that spiking discharges of individual neurons in the cortex are highly stochastic and far from being clocklike. However, recent findings have led to a framework that goes beyond the conventional theory of coupled oscillators and reconciles the apparent dichotomy between irregular single neuron activity and field potential oscillations. From this perspective, a plethora of studies will be reviewed on the involvement of long-distance neuronal coherence in cognitive functions such as multisensory integration, working memory, and selective attention. Finally, implications of abnormal neural synchronization are discussed as they relate to mental disorders like schizophrenia and autism.

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  • In HIC contexts, absolute power in the gamma band increases as children develop, with a peak at 4-5 years of age.

    “In HIC contexts, absolute power in the gamma band increases as children develop, with a peak at 4-5 years of age (Gou, Choudhury, and Benasich 2011;Takano and Ogawa 1998;Wang 2010) (Benasich et al. 2008;Engel and Singer 2001;Wang 2010).”

    From Early Family Experiences and Neural Activity in Rural Pakistani Children: The Differential Role of Gender (2024) · cites this paper as Wang 2010

    Section VI.E discusses increased gamma power with attention, not changes in absolute gamma power as children develop. Searches for childhood development and a peak at 4–5 years found no passage addressing the claimed age pattern or HIC context; the copy may be truncated. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Authors
Wang, X.-J.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Wang, Xiao-Jing
ORCID
Wang, Xiao-Jing
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2010-07
Volume
90
Issue
3
Pages
1195-1268
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
DOI
10.1152/physrev.00035.2008
PMC
PMC2923921
OpenAlex
W2046198005
Cited by
1,939
References
84
Citations by year
2026: 66 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 141 · 2021: 144 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 147 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 153 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 133 · 2014: 141 · 2013: 140 · 2012: 100
FWCI
7.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062349, 2-R01-MH-62349)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
Keywords
cortical oscillations, gamma oscillations, theta oscillations, neuronal synchronization, synaptic inhibition, interneurons, neuronal resonance, coupled oscillators, field potentials, multisensory integration, working memory, selective attention, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, cognitive function
MeSH terms
Animals, Mental Disorders, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Cortical Synchronization, Electroencephalography, Nerve Net, Neurons, Oscillometry, Theta Rhythm, Computational Biology

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